Microsoft Word Glossary March 2011 doc

 
► 
Palate – palatal 
The palate is the roof of the mouth. Sounds can be produced on the hard palate or the soft palate (velum). 
 
Paragraph 
noun + verb 
A paragraph is a section in a longer piece of writing such as an essay. It starts on a new line and usually contains a 
single new idea. When a writer is paragraphing, s/he is creating paragraphs. See topic sentence.
 
► Parallelism 
The repetition of grammatical structures within a text, e.g. ‘Enjoy the ride; Have a great time’ (imperative + 
object). 
 
Paraphrase 
noun + verb 
To say or write something that has been read or heard using different words. Paraphrase can also be used to 
describe what a learner does if s/he is not sure of the exact language they need to use, i.e. explain their meaning 
using different language.
 
 
Part of speech 
A way of categorising words according to their grammatical function and meaning, e.g. noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, 
adverb, preposition, conjunction. 
 
Participation 
noun,
participate 
verb 
To take part in something, e.g. a lesson or classroom activity.
 
 
Participle (past and present) 
–ed and –ing forms of the verb, they are often used to make tenses or adjectives, e.g. I’m going home. (present 
participle); I haven’t seen him today. (past participle) 
 
Particle 
A small grammatical word, often an adverb or preposition which does not change its form when used in a sentence, 
e.g. after is a particle in the phrasal verb look after. 
 
Passive role 
When learners want to be taught and to acquire language without making their own decisions about their needs and 
learning, they are taking a passive role. See active role.