Microsoft Word Hollie Adams ma thesis
The Gender Roles of Antagonists
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HollieAdams 11149809 MAThesis
The Gender Roles of Antagonists Despite the positive portrayals of active male and female heroes in RH by Preußler, the antagonists are both fearsome men, subject to ridicule by the author. Der Räuber Hotzenplotz, who the novel is named after, is a direct representation of toxic masculinity. He is violent, controlling and dominant and makes Kasperl suffer as his slave. Hotzenplotz takes on the villainous role, tricking the boys and stealing from the weak. To further this, the description of Hotzenplotz is vile. He is described as having “einem struppigen schwarzen Bart und einer schrecklichen Hakennase im Gesicht” (8). Similar to Hotzenplotz is Petrosilius Zwackelmann, the evil sorcerer. Zwackelmann cruelly makes Seppel do everything for him especially domestic chores, placing Seppel in the subordinate role of the house-wife. These two antagonists fit the contemporary “definition of masculinity pitched to men” – “one of violence, social dominance, anti- intellectualism”, etc (Nerdlove). However, antagonists are written for the reader to dislike, and to encourage the reader to support the hero or heroine. Readers are often aware of the dangers of an antagonist and that they represent unrealistic images of man and woman. The characters that are supported within the text are characters who cross barriers between domestic and public, active and passive, dominant and subordinate. 28 The beloved characters teach children about bravery, friendship and sticking up for what you believe. Characters who emphasise their gender and the traits of their gender are not role models; they are characters to be vanquished and ridiculed. With this ridicule (as can be seen in the names of the antagonists), Preußler continues his support of characters that cross the boundaries of gender stereotypes. Hotzenplotz and Zwackelmann are to be laughed at rather than to be copied. In Ende’s antagonist, he subverts the grammatical pattern of gender assignations in the case of the dragon. Lukas, Jim and Emma travel towards the “Drachenstadt” where they meet a dragon (Ende 46). This is introduced by the male dragon who feels decidedly uneasy in his skin. The word for dragon in German is ‘der Drache’, which takes the article ‘der’, thus, is masculine. The dragon that Lukas and his companions meet is male, matching the gender of the noun. The character tries to be fierce to match his species however, he has “eine quiekende Ferkelstimme” and is surprised when the others are not scared of him (116). He cries and blubbers over the fact that “nicht mal Menschen halten mich für einen richtigen Drachen!” (117). He shows few dragon-like qualities which parallel stereotypical qualities of masculinity. Instead, this dragon is cowardly and passive. However, another dragon that the protagonists meet is a female dragon named Frau Mahlzahn. She is a fearsome, evil dragon, trapping children and cruelly mistreating them, similar to other depictions of dragons in texts, such as The Hobbit (1937) by J.R.R. Tolkein. As the dragon’s name is accompanied with the address ‘Frau’, this indicates that her gender is female, and that she is an adult. Adults hold authority over children and in this case, the authoritative figure is terrifying. Frau Mahlzahn is part of a male gendered species and is constantly referred to as male in the text: “Frau Mahlzahn ist ein Drache” (64). Alongside the reference to Mahlzahn as 29 male, the description of her is quite masculine. She has “ein dicker Adamsapfel”, which is a feature of male characters rather than female, and she acts aggressively masculine (134). She is dominant and active, controlling the children and striking fear into them. She is monstrous, whether male or female. There is no real question that the character is female, due to her address however, the fact that she is called male throughout the text breaks some boundaries. The character can be seen as man or woman, through her address or her actions. It can be said that “the excessive use of the masculine gender to denote all individuals, male and female, making up the human race leads to a denigration of women by making them invisible” (Michel 53). As Frau Mahlzahn is called male throughout the text, despite her obviously female address, is Ende shifting away from gender binaries or does he continue to address objects and non-human characters as male? In this case, Frau Mahlzahn herself acts masculine and so, she is both male and female through her actions, address and noun. The gender of her species is due to German grammar, not an intense need to label every character and object as male. On the surface the assignations of negative qualities to a female character seems to mirror the pattern we have encountered in Lewis. However, it serves different functions here. It leads children to question gender roles and that good and bad cannot be assigned to genders. As in Preußler there is also a strong tendency of undermining authority figures by ridicule. Download 420.42 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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