Microsoft Word Hollie Adams ma thesis
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HollieAdams 11149809 MAThesis
in Wonderland,
whilst Carroll “was ahead of his time in writing fantasy stories with a female protagonist”, all of the animal companions are male (17). Therefore, it is unsurprising that the animals in Lewis’ novels are male. In Lewis’ text, the protagonists are surrounded by animals whilst in Ende’s text, Jim Knopf and Lukas are accompanied by a locomotive, Emma. Emma is a female machine, taking an emotional and maternal role in the plot. She is placed in dangerous situations by men and used by them in their quest. Meanwhile, in LWW, the animals are not used by the protagonists. Emma has no autonomy or agency in Ende’s novel, the animals of Narnia are male and have dominant, active roles throughout the series. These male characters, such as Mr. Tumnus and Aslan, provide more support for the protagonists than Emma in Ende’s novel. Aslan leads the protagonists and gives them reason for their quest. Emma does not lead or have control. In these portrayals, Lewis and Ende both highlight how male characters, no matter their physical form, are portrayed as active participants to the plot with full agency. They fall into the natural order of patriarchy. Therefore, it can be seen that the texts here still continue the idea of patriarchal order stemming from the past. Conversely, there could be another reason behind the gender of some characters in Ende and Preußler’s work; the texts are written in German. As previously stated, German nouns are gendered into masculine, feminine, and neutral. In contrast to this, the English language does not gender their nouns. It could be interpreted that through their difference in language, some characters may appear as male or female. In German, 52 the gender of the noun ‘Lokomotive’ is feminine and so, Emma is depicted as a female machine. In Preußler’s text, RH, the fairy that saves Kasperl and Seppel is first in a form of a toad. The German for toad is ‘die Unke’ and the German for fairy is ‘die Fee’ thus, the character is unsurprisingly female. Whereas, in Lewis’ British text, the noun ‘lion’ has no gender and yet, Aslan is depicted as male. This can be seen in other stories throughout children’s literature; the lion is often depicted as a male. In Ende’s work, the antagonist is a female dragon, Frau Mahlzahn. Her name and address are female but she is constantly referred to as male and appears more masculine than feminine. It could be argued here that she bends gender and can be both male and female. In this Ende suggests that evil is not specific to gender, something Preußler also suggests in his works. Evil can take any form and what is more important is noting qualities that could be associated with evil. Children should be taught about morals and how to be good, rather than what gender is more prone to evil doings. To conclude this section of the comparison, in the 1950’s and 60’s Britain and Germany were both adjusting after the Second World War. The texts compared above suggest that gender roles and themes that appeared throughout the World Wars may have affected the way in which literature has been written. This can be seen from the portrayal of antagonists, heroes, and women. Antagonists seem to take the role of authoritative dictator that must be overthrown before damage can be done to the whole fictional world. Heroes, like war heroes, must overthrow the authoritative power to defend their country. Finally, the role of women becomes the role before and after the war – from ‘man’s work’ back to the domestic sphere. However, the gender roles of non-human characters contrast here. In the German texts, the machine is beloved above the animals of the British texts. This could be affected by the Wirtschaftwunder in the 1950’s of Germany. Emma as the useful birthing machine in Ende’s text may reflect 53 the economic miracle that saved Germany from depression (Heather “Germany”). Meanwhile, Britain’s love for the lion, Aslan, could appear as the love for the nation. The lion is a national symbol for Britain and thus, the favouritism of Aslan could appear as the love of Britain for their own country. Therefore, the shared history of Britain and Germany affect the way in which gender appears in these texts whilst the difference and love for their countries can also affect the way in which heroes and certain characters are favoured above others. Download 420.42 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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