Microsoft Word Hollie Adams ma thesis
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HollieAdams 11149809 MAThesis
Conclusion The characters of LWW are constrained to traditional gender stereotypes. Lewis continues the tradition of the “gendered world” of fantasy with his representation of male and female characters (O’Hanlon 149). Male or female characters who refuse to 21 identify with the feminine are rewarded with authority, independence, and agency. Female characters are assigned domestic roles socially expected to them, and are punished for attempting to gain dominance in the patriarchal authority of Narnia. The portrayals of male and female characters highlight why critics have labelled Lewis as a misogynist. It is clear that he favours male characters over female, much like Aslan. In the 1950’s, women’s roles were slowly changing after their role in WWII, however, social expectations still placed women in the domestic sphere and thus, there is little progression away from gendered portrayals of man and woman in this text. 22 3. Witches and Gendered Creatures: 1960’s German Children’s Literature From the 1950’s onwards, two of the most successful authors of German children’s literature were Michael Ende and Otfried Preußler. Both authors deal with interesting aspects that appear throughout literary studies of gender, such as the witch, women and machines, and gender in language. This chapter takes the stance that whilst Preußler and Ende both deal with stereotypes in their writing, their texts are progressive of the time as emphasised qualities of gender are punished and portrayed in parody whilst gender neutrality is displayed as heroic and admirable. Both authors have received criticism in their careers for ‘racism”. Preußler was posthumously condemned in 2013 for the use of the word ‘Neger’ in his 1957 text, Die Kleine Hexe whilst Michael Ende’s text, JK was critiqued for racial stereotypes. Such as Asian characters with “Schlitzaugen” and “braune Jungen mit Turbanen auf dem Kopf” (Freund 2015; Ende 133). These critiques are comparable to the critique of Blyton’s depiction of the ‘golliwog’; a “hybrid figure” with a “blacked up’ appearance” (Rudd 72). As a result of the critique of Preußler’s text, the book was edited, helping with its globalisation (Freund 2015). However, Ende’s text was not edited as the novel was written to “convey the hope that it is possible for everyone to become enlightened enough to overcome racism and intolerance”, especially after the two World Wars (Brückenhaus 88). Ende attacks “the racism that had pervaded colonialism and the Nazi period” (88). Brückenhaus states that “the Jim Button books propose that a non- hierarchical emotional bond with those different from oneself is an essential prerequisite for personal growth and maturation” (88). The protagonist of the novel 23 helps us to see this as everyone accepts one another for who they are. For example, the reader sees Frau Waas adopt the black boy, Jim Knopf and accepts him openly as her son (Ende 9). Therefore, in this novel, difference is acceptable. Different genders work together for the plot of the novel and all characters are active participants of the plot. Download 420.42 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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