So is used to express the result of an action: ‘I’d forgotten to take my umbrella so I got wet.’
so-called
Most of these drugs come from the so-called Golden Triangle.
Most of these drugs come from what is called the Golden Triangle.
During the so-called denitrification process, bacteria convert fixed nitrogen into
molecular nitrogen.
During what is known as the denitrification process, bacteria convert fixed
nitrogen into molecular nitrogen.
Use so-called when you want to suggest that the name that has been given to something is
incorrect or not suitable: ‘I went to see the playwright’s so-called masterpiece and was very
disappointed by it.’
To introduce the name by which something is generally known, use be known as, be referred to as
or be called: ‘The distance that light travels in a year is called a light year.’ ‘Zaire was formerly
known as the Congo.’
social
1
The next election was won by the Social Party.
The next election was won by the Socialist Party.
social = connected with (life in a) society: ‘Government attempts to tackle two of today’s most
serious social problems - crime and unemployment - have had no effect.’
Socialist = connected with socialism (the political system that favours equality of opportunity and
public as opposed to private ownership): ‘Why is it that so many of these so-called socialists send
their children to fee-paying schools?’
2
Our new neighbours are not very social.
Our new neighbours are not very sociable.
A person who enjoys meeting and being with other people is sociable: ‘You’ll like John - he’s very
sociable and easy to get on with.’
society
I was asked to give a talk about women and their role in the society.
I was asked to give a talk about women and their role in society.
When it means ‘the general system which helps people to live together in an organized way’,
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