Microsoft Word overview Customary Law doc
Customary law and protocols in ADR procedures
Download 303.69 Kb. Pdf ko'rish
|
overview customary law
Customary law and protocols in ADR procedures
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) refers to the settlement of disputes outside the formal judicial system. ADR procedures include: • Mediation: a non-binding procedure in which a neutral intermediary, the mediator, assists the parties in reaching a settlement of the dispute. • Arbitration: a neutral procedure in which the dispute is submitted to one or more arbitrators who make a binding decision on the dispute. 58 Law No 7788 of 1998, at Articles 82 to 84. 59 Article 7(iiii), Executive Decree No.12 (2001) regulating Law No. 20 of June 26, 2000, on the Special Intellectual Property Regime Governing the Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples for the Protection and Defence of their Cultural Identity and their Traditional Knowledge 60 Article 5(b), Peruvian Sui Generis Law 61 Article 10, Peruvian Sui Generis Law. See also Article 39 which provides that administration of benefit- sharing through the Fund for the Development of Indigenous Peoples “shall to the extent possible use the machinery traditionally used — by indigenous peoples — for allocating and distributing collectively- generated benefits.” 62 “No legal barriers shall be placed on the traditional exchange system of the local communities in the exercise of their rights” (Article 21(2)) and “the legislation does not affect “access, use and exchange of knowledge and technologies by and between local communities;” (Art.2(2)(ii) 63 Article 4, Peruvian Sui Generis Law: excludes from this regime “the traditional exchange between indigenous peoples of the collective knowledge protected under this regime” 24 A single procedure may commence with mediation and, where the dispute is not settled through the mediation, may then proceed to arbitration. Several characteristics of ADR procedures may assist in the recognition of customary law and protocols in a dispute over TK and TCEs. ADR affords parties the opportunity to exercise greater control over the way their dispute is resolved than would be the case in court litigation. In contrast to court litigation, the parties themselves may select the most appropriate decision-makers for their dispute. In addition, they may choose the applicable law, place and language of the proceedings. This means that customary law and protocols can be incorporated into ADR proceedings: (i) to provide direct guidance concerning the substantial issues in a dispute (such as custodianship over TK or TCEs, the sharing of TK and TCEs across national boundaries, determining what sharing of benefits should be considered equitable, and the practical interpretation of the principle of prior informed consent); (ii) to establish appropriate dispute resolution procedures, such as forms of community consultation, consent and decisionmaking, that reflect customary procedures; (iii) to guide the development and agreement upon appropriate remedies, which may include financial or non-financial forms of compensation and other acts of restitution, acknowledgement of cultural and spiritual concerns, expiation of cultural or spiritual offence, and undertakings to abide by certain practices in the future. Through ADR, the parties can agree to resolve a dispute covering a number of different countries through a single procedure, thereby avoiding the expense and complexity of multi- jurisdictional litigation, and the risk of inconsistent results. The legal recognition of customary law beyond its traditional community reach may be complex or problematic if it entails diverse forms of recognition in multiple jurisdictions, as this may require distinct application of customary law principles in different court cases. A single ADR process would enable all. The United Nations Convention for the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958, known as the New York Convention, generally provides for the recognition of arbitral awards on par with domestic court judgments without review on the merits. This greatly facilitates the enforcement of awards across borders. ADR's consensual nature makes it less appropriate if one of the two parties is extremely uncooperative, which may occur in the context of an extra-contractual infringement dispute. In addition, a court judgment will be preferable if, in order to clarify its rights, a party seeks to establish a public legal precedent rather than an award that is limited to the relationship between the parties. ADR may be particularly relevant when those accessing TK, TCEs and GRs agree, as a condition of this access, to comply with Download 303.69 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling