Microsoft Word Revised Syllabus Ver doc

Novel 
 
Since the 18
th
century, the novel has become the major genre of literature in most 
literate societies. It has attracted a vast range of literary criticism, but few large scale 
linguistic investigations. Enormous variations in the size and scope of different novels make 
it difficult to arrive at satisfactory generalizations about linguistic form and content, other 
than to identify its essentially narrative purpose. The problem has long been recognized; 
indeed, it was present from the earliest years of the genre, when authors searched for a label 
to identify their new product. 

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10 
The Language of Science
 
The aim of science is to determine the principles governing the physical universe. 
Progress towards this end however, is to a large extent dependent on the use of language. The 
knowledge base of a subject, upon which all scientists depend, is accessible only if previous 
generations have managed to express their findings in a precise and unambiguous manner. 
Similarly, present day scientists hoping to make their own contribution to this knowledge 
base must satisfy the same linguistic constraints if their work is to be correctly interpreted 
and accepted by their peers and the research findings remain of limited value, until they are 
written and published.
There is an overriding concern for impersonal statement, logical exposition, and 
precise description. Emotional comment, humour, figurative expression and other aspects of 
personal language are avoided. The mathematical expression of relationships promotes an 
extensive one of numerals operators, letters and other special symbols, which are frequently 
used in word-like and sentence like constructions. In addition to this distinctive graphology 
scientific language illustrates several important features of vocabulary and grammar. The 
grammar of scientific language also contains several distinctive features. Sentences are often 
long and have a complex internal structure.