Microsoft Word Revised Syllabus Ver doc

Priority
As a prerequisite for translation, a translator has to decide what he is going to do and 
prepare a listing of the priority areas which may be like the following.
1.
Priority must be given to the contextual correspondence in lieu of lexical 
correspondence.

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2.
Priority must be given to dynamic equivalents in preference to formal 
correspondences.
3.
Priority must be given to see how it is helped by the ears instead of seeing how it is 
published.
4.
Priority must be given to the lexical items and structures that are attested in the living 
language instead of using the archaic or obsolete words and structures.
All these four priority areas concentrate on the four important aspects of translation. 
These four points view translation from four different points of view. The first area of priority 
views translation from the linguistic point of view. The second one views translation from the 
point of view of the response of the readers from whom translation has been undertaken. The 
third argument approaches translation from the point of view of those who do not read the 
translation but listen to it being read by somebody else. The fourth one takes into account the 
social, economical, educational and other parameters of the readers of the translation. These 
four approaches to translation are discussed in some detail in the following passages.
Conceptual Correspondence
Most of the words do not specify the meaning conveyed by them. On the contrary, 
they point to the area of meaning conveyed by them. The word caappiTu in Tamil refers to 
chewing and swallowing of solid stuffs, also to the drinking of liquid stuffs such as tea, 
coffee, etc. This word, in addition, refers to the exploitation of the resources of other people 
as well. In this manner the word caappiTu in Tamil refers to a wider area of meaning. There 
is, however, variation in the semantic area referred to by the words in one language. One 
word differs from the area conveyed by another word with the same meaning in other 
languages. The word kai in Tamil refers to the part of the human limb from the shoulder to 
the finger whereas its equivalent in English refers to that part of the limb extending between 
the elbow and the fingers. Moreover, this word is used to refer to the bunch of the banana, the 
members of staff, etc., also which are not found in the case of the Tamil word. Similarly, the 
semantic difference among the words like veTTu, cetukku, muRi, ciivu, naRukku, piLa, aRu, 
etc., cannot be brought into English by employing the words like cut, split, etc. This is 
because of the difference in the semantic area referred to by the words in these two 
languages.
In this way, the semantic area referred to by words differ considerably among 
languages. Hence, substituting a word in the source language with one and the same target 
language word in all its places of occurrences without worrying about the semantic area 
specified by that word may prove to be misleading. Hence, it becomes essential to avoid 
word-to-word translation and to undertake a translation after studying the semantic range of 
the words with the help of the contexts in which they are used.