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When the Moon Split PDF




When 
the
Moon Split 
 
A biography of 
Prophet Muhammad 
Compiled by
Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri 
 
 
Edited and Translated by 
Tabassum Siraj - Michael Richardson 
Badr Azimabadi 
 



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In the Name of Allah 
The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful 
 
 
 
 
And We have sent you (O’ Muhammad) 
Not but as a mercy for the ‘Alamin 
(Mankind, jinn and all that exists). 
 
(Surat Al ‘Anbya’ 21: 107) 
 
 
 
 



CONTENTS 
Subject Page 
Contents 4 
From the Author
11 
Preface 12 
The Prophet Muhammad’s Ancestors
14 
The Prophets Tribe
14 
Lineage 15 
Muhammad is born
18 
Foster Brothers 
19 
In the care of Haleemah Sa’diya
20 
Haleemah’s house is unexpectedly blessed
20 
Haleemah asks to keep Muhammad longer
21 
Muhammad’s chest is opened
21 
Muhammad’s time with his mother
21 
A grandfather’s affection
22 
Under his uncle’s care
22 
Bahira’s warning 22 
The Battle of Fijar
23 
Hilf Al-Fudool 24 
Choosing a profession
25 
Journey to Syria on business for Khadeejah
25 
Marriage to Khadeejah
25 
Dispute over the Black Stone
26 
Muhammad’s character before Prophethood
28 
Portents of Prophethood
29 
The First Revelation
29 
A hiatus 
31 
The mission begins
33 
The first believers
33 
Worship and training of the believers
36 
Open propagation of Islam
37 
A warning from atop Mount Safa
38 
The Quraysh warn pilgrims
41 
Various strategies against Islam
42 



Ridicule, contempt and mockery
43 
Diversions 44 
Propaganda 44 
Argument and quibbling
45 
Persecution begins
55 
Polytheists avoid openly abusing the Prophet
60 
Talks between Abu Talib and the Quraysh
60 
The Quraysh challenge Abu Talib
61 
The Quraysh make Abu Talib a strange proposal
62 
Persecution of the Prophet 
62 
Dar Al-Arqam 68 
Migration to Abyssinia
68 
Polytheists prostrate along with Muslims
69 
Return of the immigrants
70 
Second migration to Abyssinia
70 
Quraysh attempt to extradite Muslims
71 
Polytheists are outraged
73 
More persecution of the Prophet
74 
Hamzah bin Abdul Mutallib embraces Islam
78 
Umar bin Khattab accepts Islam
79 
The polytheists react to Umar’s conversion
82 
Umar’s conversion strengthens Islam
83 
An offer no ordinary man could refuse
84 
Bargaining and renunciation
86 
Hastening on the punishment
89 
Total boycott 
90 
Boycott ends 
91 
The Quraysh petition Abu Talib
93 
The year of sorrow
94 
Khadeejah dies 
94 
Sorrow after sorrow
95 
The Prophet marries Saudah and then ‘Aishah
95 
The Prophet journeys to Ta’if
96 
The polytheists demand a sign
99 
The moon splits in half
102 



The Night Journey and Ascension
102 
Various tribes are invited to Islam
106 
Seeds of faith sprout outside Makkah
107 
Suwayd bin Samit
107 
Ayas bin Mu’adh 
107 
Abu Dhar Ghifari
108 
Tufayl bin Amr Dausi
108 
Dhimad Azdi 
109 
Six pilgrims from Yathrib
109 
First pledge of Aqabah
110 
Islam speads in Yathrib
111 
The second pledge of Aqabah
112 
Twelve chiefs 
115 
The Muslims migrate to Madinah
116 
The council of Dar Al-Nadwah
117 
Jibreel brings the Prophet happy news
118 
The Prophet leaves home
119 
Three nights in the cave
120 
On the way to Madinah
121 
Arrival in Qubaa 
124 
The Prophet enters Madinah
125 
Ali (RA) migrates
126 
The Prophet’s family migrates
126 
Suhayb migrates
126 
Muslims in Makkah
127 
Difficulties in Madinah
127 
The Prophet’s Mosque
128 
The call to prayer
128 
Brotherhood between the Muhajireen and the Ansar
129 
Islamic community
130 
The Quraysh test the Muslim’s resolve
133 
Permission to fight
134 
Military expeditions (Saraya and Ghazawat)
135 
A new Qiblah 137 
The Battle of Badr
138 



Challenge to single combat
141 
The Battle of Badr begins
142 
Abu Jahl killed 
143 
Day of Distinction
144 
News of Badr reaches Makkah and Madinah
145 
Return to Madinah
146 
The captives 
146 
Ruqayya dies and Uthman marries Umm Kulthum
147 
Events after Badr
147 
Expedition against Banu Qaunuqa
148 
Expedition of Saweeq
148 
Ka’b bin Ashraf is killed
149 
The Sariyya of Qardah
151 
The Battle of Uhud
152 
Fighting begins 
154 
The Prophet is rumoured dead
156 
Plight of the encircled Muslims
158 
In the ravine 
159 
Dialogue and resolution
161 
The Muslims tend to their own
162 
Back to Madinah
163 
The expedition of Hamra Al-Asad
164 
Incidents and expeditions
165 
The incident of Raj’i
165 
The tragedy at Bir Ma’una
167 
Expedition against Banu Nadir
168 
An appointment at Badr
171 
The Battle of the Trench
172 
Digging the trench
172 
Across the trench
174 
Banu Auraydha’s treachery
177 
The coalition splits and the battle ends
178 
The Battle of Banu Quraydha
181 
Abu Rafi Sallam bin Abul Huqayq is killed
184 
The chief of Yamamah is captured
186 



Expedition of Banu Lihyan
187 
Abul Aas accepts Islam
187 
The expedition of Banu Al-Mustaliq or Muraysi’
188 
The slander against ‘Aishah, Mother of the believers
190 
Departure for Umrah and arrival at Hudaybia
195 
Negotiations between the Prophet and the Quraysh
197 
Uthman’s mission and the pledge of Ridwan
199 
A treaty is concluded
200 
The Muslims dejection over the truce
202 
The issue of Muhajir women
204 
The Muslims in Makkah are freed
205 
Effects of the truce
206 
The Prophet’s letters to monarchs and potentates
206 
Letter to the king of Abyssinia
206 
Letter to Muqauqis, king of Alexandria and Egypt
207 
Letter to Chosroes (Khusro Pervez), the king of
Persia 
208 
Letter to the Roman Emperor
209 
Letter to Harith bin Abu Shammar Ghassani
213 
Letter to the Amir of Basra is intercepted
213 
Letter to Haudha Bin Ali, chief of Yamamah
213 
Letter to the ruler of Bahrain
214 
Letter to the rulers of Oman
214 
Expedition of Ghaba or Dhu Qarad
216 
Conquest of Khaybar
218 
The emigrants of Abyssinia return
222 
Division of Khaybar
223 
The Prophet is poisoned
224 
Surrender the people of Fadak
224 
Wadi Al-Qura 
225 
Reconciliation with the people of Taymaa
225 
The Prophet marries Safiyah
225 
The expedition of Dhat Al_Riqa’
226 
Who will save you now?
226 
Umrah is finally performed 
227 



The expedition to Muta
229 
The mission to Dhat Al-Salasil
232 
The battle for Makkah
232 
On the way to Makkah
235 
Abu Sufyan appears before the Prophet 
236 
The Prophet enters Makkah
237 
The ka’bah is purified
240 
Have no fear this day
241 
The Quraysh pledge Allegiance
241 
Death for criminals
242 
Prayer of victory 243 
Bilal calls the Adhan from the Ka’bah
243 
The Prophet in Makkah
243 
Uzza, Suwa and Manat are destroyed
244 
Khalid is sent to Banu Judhayma
244 
Battle of Hunayn
245 
The polytheists take flight
248 
The battle of Ta’if
249 
The spoils of war
250 
The Ansar’s complaint
251 
Banu Hawazen petition the Prophet 
252 
The Umrah of Je’rana
253 
Banu Tameem enter Islam
253 
Mission against Banu Tai
254 
The Muslims prepare to meet the Romans
256 
The expedition to Tabuk
257 
Twenty days in Tabuk
259 
Ukaydir is captured
259 
Return to Madinah
260 
Demolition of the Hypocrites’ Mosque
261 
The Prophet is welcomed back
261 
The case of those who stayed behind
262 
The Prophet mourns three deaths
263 

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