phonemes
idealised categories – to which
phones assimilate – which
represent the stock of atomic meaningful speech sounds in a
language.
phones
phonetically realised speech sounds.
phonetic realisation rules
the rules according to which
allophonic
variants of
phonemes are produced in context-dependent comple-
mentary distributions.
phrase structure grammar
a
deterministic formal system such that
each
rule is context free and contains exactly one symbol on the
input side.
phrase structure tree
the
generation tree of a phrase structure
grammar.
positivism
the false doctrine, influential
in the late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries, according to which ‘real’ or ‘positive’
science should treat exclusively of observable entities.
predicate
in linguistics, a verb with all its complements. For
the pur-
poses of this volume a
predicate can be thought of as expressing a
property or relation.
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