Ministry of health protection of the republic of uzbekistan

Notes

1. 
   by the naked eye – невооруженным глазом (asbobsiz)
   

Exercise 5. Find sentences in text B expressing the idea of each statement more extensively and read them.
1. The kidney doesn't manufacture the elements which compose urine. 2. The urinary function is that of excretion. 3. Some substances are retained in the organism. 4. Penicillin is eliminated through the urine. 5. The basic instrument of the kidney is the nephron.


Exercise 6. Read and translate the following sentences with Complex Subject.
1. The chief function of the kidneys is to separate fluid and certain solids from the blood. 2. The excretion of urine is thought to be possible by the selective action of the cells of the kidney tubules. 3. When the kidneys fail to act solid waste substances accumulate in the blood. 4. The formation of urine is found to begin in the glomerulus as water salts, sugar, urea and other wastes. 5. Streptococci do not seem to cause glomerular inflammation by direct invasion. 6. After the first two weeks of acute nephritis patients usually appear to make a complete recovery.
LESSON 19. KIDNEY DISEASES
Revision: Functions of Participles


Exercise 1. Learn the following words and word combinations:
mild [maild] а мягкий, слабый, yengil, kuchsiz
sign [sain] n признак, симптом, знак, belgi
pyelonephritis [ pai l ne'fraitis]n пиелонефрит
incise [in'saiz] v делать разрез, разрезать, kesmoq
incision [in'si n] n разрез, надрез, kesma
ultimate [' ltimit] а последний, конечный, oxirgi
outcome ['autk m] n результат, исход, natija
malaise [m 'leiz] n недомогание, kuchsizlik


Exercise 2. Read and translate the following text. Find the sentences where Paticiples I, II are used.

Patients with diseases requiring very large numbers of blood transfu­sions are presumably exposed to hepatitis repeatedly and might be ex­pected to possess antibody against the hepatitis virus (es) or its products. When employing sera from such repeatedly transfused individuals as antisera, Blumberg et al. found an antigen in the serum of an Australian aborigine which has become known as the Australia antigen. On the basis of population studies it was originally proposed that the Australia antigen was another example of a genetically determined human trait. Recently, however, the association of the Australia antigen with viral hepatitis has been appreciated, and it now appears that the observations reported on the occurrence of this factor can be explained on an infec­tious basis. Using similar methods, Prince has reported the finding of an antigen in patients with serum-hepatitis (S.H. antigen), it being absent in patients with infectious hepatitis.

As previously mentioned, it seems likely that the Australia antigen and the S.H. antigen are related, but uncertainty exists as to whether they are immunologically identical or only similar.
We have detected a specific antigen in a high percentage (80%) of patients with both forms of viral hepatitis. Patients studied were from the wards and climes of the Presbyterian, Francis Delafield, and Har­lem Hospitals of New York City. Clinical diagnoses were established on the basis of history, physical findings, and laboratory values, routine laboratory tests being performed in the clinical laboratories of the re­spective hospitals by standard techniques.


Exercise 3. Read and translate the following words:
severe, anorexia, variable, albumin, calculus (pi. calculi) radiopaque, thigh, spontaneously, descent, morphine


Exercise 4. Look through text A. Give the main idea of the text.