Ministry of higher education, science and innovations of the republic of uzbekistan

 
 
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Manning, Peter. The Texts of 'Great Expectations': The Influence of Misreading. - United Kingdom: 
Oxford University Press. 2017. - 320 p. 

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1.2. Direct commentary 
Direct commentary is a technique used in literature that involves the author 
directly addressing the reader and commenting on the events and characters in the 
story. This technique is often used to provide context and explanation for the events 
of the story, as well as to offer the author’s own opinions and perspectives. In this 
chapter, we will define direct commentary and explore some examples of its use in 
«The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club». 
Direct commentary is a literary technique in which the author speaks directly 
to the reader, providing context and explanation for the events of the story. This 
technique can take many forms, including the use of footnotes, parenthetical 
comments, and direct address to the reader. 
In «The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club», Charles Dickens uses direct 
commentary to provide context for the events of the story and to offer his own 
opinions on the characters and their actions. For example, in Chapter 1, Dickens 
introduces the character of Mr. Pickwick and immediately begins to provide 
commentary on his appearance and personality. This commentary serves to give the 
reader a better understanding of the character and to establish the tone of the novel.
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One example of direct commentary in «The Posthumous Papers of the 
Pickwick Club» can be seen in Chapter 22, where Dickens comments on the 
character of Mr. Jingle. He describes Jingle as «a complete rogue and vagabond», 
and goes on to explain his devious nature and the various schemes he has perpetrated. 
This direct commentary serves to give the reader a clearer understanding of Jingle’s 
character and to establish him as a villain in the story. 
Another example of direct commentary can be seen in Chapter 30, where 
Dickens provides commentary on the legal system of the time. He describes the 
various abuses and injustices that occur within the system, highlighting the need for 
reform. This commentary serves to educate the reader on the flaws and shortcomings 
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Lodge, David. The Art of Fiction. - United Kingdom: Vintage. 1992. - 416 p. 

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of the legal system, and to encourage them to think critically about the society in 
which they live. 
Direct commentary is a powerful literary technique that allows the author to 
speak directly to the reader and provide context and explanation for the events of the 
story. In «The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club», Charles Dickens uses 
direct commentary to establish the tone of the novel, to offer his own opinions on 
the characters and their actions, and to provide social commentary on the society in 
which the characters live. Through his use of direct commentary, Dickens engages 
the reader and encourages them to think critically about the world around them. 
Direct commentary is a literary technique used by authors to engage with their 
readers and offer their own opinions and perspectives on the events and characters 
in the story. In this chapter, we will explore the purpose and effect of direct 
commentary in «The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club». 
The purpose of direct commentary in «The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick 
Club» is to provide context and explanation for the events of the story, as well as to 
offer the author’s own opinions and perspectives. Direct commentary can serve to 
clarify the motivations of the characters, to establish the tone of the novel, and to 
provide social commentary on the society in which the characters live. 
For example, in Chapter 1, Dickens uses direct commentary to establish the 
tone of the novel and to offer his own opinions on the character of Mr. Pickwick. He 
describes Pickwick as «a man of great talents, very fond of his own company, and 
not easily ruffled», setting the tone for the character’s eccentricities and quirks. This 
direct commentary serves to give the reader a clearer understanding of the character 
and to establish his role in the story.
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The effect of direct commentary on the reader is to engage them in the story 
and to encourage them to think critically about the events and characters. Direct 
commentary can offer a unique perspective on the story, giving the reader a better 
understanding of the author’s intentions and motivations. 
9
Johnson, Edgar. Charles Dickens: His Tragedy and Triumph. - United States: Simon & Schuster. 1952. - 
880 p. 

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In «The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club», the effect of direct 
commentary is to establish the tone of the novel, to provide context for the events of 
the story, and to offer social commentary on the society in which the characters live. 
Through his use of direct commentary, Dickens engages the reader and encourages 
them to think critically about the world around them, promoting empathy and 
understanding. 
Direct commentary is a powerful literary technique that allows authors to 
engage with their readers and offer their own opinions and perspectives on the events 
and characters in the story. In «The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club», 
Charles Dickens uses direct commentary to provide context for the events of the 
story, to offer his own opinions on the characters, and to provide social commentary 
on the society in which they live. Through his use of direct commentary, Dickens 
engages the reader and encourages them to think critically about the world around 
them, promoting empathy and understanding. 
Satire and social commentary are literary techniques used by authors to criticize 
and mock societal norms and values. In this chapter, we will explore the examples 
of satire and social commentary in «The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club». 
One of the most notable examples of satire in «The Posthumous Papers of the 
Pickwick Club» can be seen in the character of Mr. Jingle. Jingle is a con artist who 
preys on unsuspecting victims, and his actions are often played for laughs in the 
novel. However, through his portrayal of Jingle, Dickens is able to satirize the 
societal norms of the time, which often valued wealth and status over morality and 
character. 
Another example of satire in the novel can be seen in the character of Mrs. Leo 
Hunter. Mrs. Hunter is a social climber who values her own status and reputation 
above all else. Through her portrayal of Mrs. Hunter, Dickens is able to satirize the 
societal norms of the time, which often valued superficiality and image over 
substance and authenticity. 
One of the most notable examples of social commentary in «The Posthumous 
Papers of the Pickwick Club» can be seen in the character of Sam Weller. Sam is a 

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servant who speaks in a working-class dialect and is often the victim of abuse by his 
employers. Through his portrayal of Sam, Dickens is able to comment on the societal 
norms of the time, which often relegated the working class to a lower status and 
treated them as inferior.
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Another example of social commentary in the novel can be seen in the depiction 
of the legal system. Dickens portrays the legal system as corrupt and ineffectual, 
with lawyers and judges more interested in their own gain than in the pursuit of 
justice. Through his portrayal of the legal system, Dickens is able to comment on 
the societal norms of the time, which often prioritized power and money over 
morality and justice. 
Satire and social commentary are powerful literary techniques used by authors 
to criticize and mock societal norms and values. In «The Posthumous Papers of the 
Pickwick Club», Charles Dickens uses these techniques to satirize the societal norms 
of the time, which often valued wealth and status over morality and character, and 
to comment on the injustices and inequalities that existed in society. Through his use 
of satire and social commentary, Dickens encourages the reader to think critically 
about the world around them and to question the values and beliefs that society holds. 
Satire and social commentary are literary techniques used by authors to criticize 
and mock societal norms and values. In this chapter, we will explore the purpose and 
effect of these techniques in «The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club». The 
purpose of satire and social commentary in «The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick 
Club» is to expose the flaws and hypocrisies of the society in which the characters 
live. Through his use of satire and social commentary, Dickens is able to highlight 
the injustices and inequalities that existed in Victorian society, and to criticize the 
values and beliefs that underpinned it. For example, through his portrayal of Mr. 
Jingle, Dickens is able to satirize the societal norms of the time, which often valued 
wealth and status over morality and character. Similarly, through his portrayal of the 
10
Hardy, Barbara. Dickens and the Spirit of the Age. - United Kingdom: Harvard University Press. 1999. 
- 384 p. 

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legal system, Dickens is able to comment on the societal norms of the time, which 
often prioritized power and money over morality and justice. 
The effect of satire and social commentary on the reader is to encourage them 
to think critically about the world around them and to question the values and beliefs 
that society holds. Satire and social commentary can be a powerful tool for social 
change, as they can challenge the status quo and inspire people to work towards a 
better society. In «The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club», the effect of satire 
and social commentary is to expose the injustices and inequalities that existed in 
Victorian society, and to criticize the values and beliefs that underpinned it. Through 
his use of these techniques, Dickens encourages the reader to think critically about 
the world around them, and to question the values and beliefs that society holds.
11
Satire and social commentary are powerful literary techniques used by authors 
to criticize and mock societal norms and values. In «The Posthumous Papers of the 
Pickwick Club», Charles Dickens uses these techniques to expose the injustices and 
inequalities that existed in Victorian society, and to criticize the values and beliefs 
that underpinned it. Through his use of satire and social commentary, Dickens 
encourages the reader to think critically about the world around them, and to 
question the values and beliefs that society holds. These techniques can be a 
powerful tool for social change, as they can challenge the status quo and inspire 
people to work towards a better society. 
Direct commentary is an effective method of characterization used by Charles 
Dickens in «The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club». This technique involves 
the author providing his own commentary or interpretation of a character’s thoughts, 
feelings, and actions, rather than simply describing them. Through direct 
commentary, Dickens is able to reveal the true nature of his characters and provide 
insights into their motivations and personalities. One example of direct commentary 
in the novel is the description of Mr. Jingle, a minor character who is introduced 
early on in the story. Dickens describes Jingle as a «tall, thin man, with sharp features 
11
Gallagher, Catherine. Nobody's Story: The Vanishing Acts of Women Writers in the Marketplace, 
1670-1820. - United States: University of California Press. 2013. - 384 p. 

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and a keen, cunning expression». However, it is through the author’s commentary 
that we learn more about Jingle’s true character. Dickens suggests that Jingle is not 
to be trusted, describing him as a «vagabond and a cheat» who is «always on the 
lookout for some new scheme to defraud his fellow men». 
Direct commentary is also used to reveal the complexity of Mr. Pickwick’s 
character. Although Pickwick is initially presented as a genial and well-meaning 
character, the author’s commentary reveals that he is not without flaws. For example, 
when Pickwick becomes involved in a legal dispute, Dickens highlights his 
stubbornness and pride, which leads him to make poor decisions that ultimately have 
serious consequences. Through the use of direct commentary, Dickens is able to 
create characters that are multi-dimensional and believable. The author’s insights 
into his characters help to bring them to life and make them more relatable to readers. 
Through this technique, the author is able to reveal the true nature of his characters 
and provide insights into their personalities and motivations. By employing direct 
commentary, Dickens creates a cast of complex and nuanced characters that 
continue to captivate readers today.