Minstry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan

Grammatical categories.
The notion of ‘grammatical meaning’.
The word combines two meanings in its semantic structure - lexical and grammatical. Lexical meaning is the individual meaning of a word (eg table). A grammatical meaning is the meaning of an entire class or subclass. For example, nouns have the grammatical meaning of something. If we take a noun (table), we can say that it has its individual lexical meaning (it corresponds to a specific piece of furniture) and the grammatical meaning of the thing (it is the meaning of the whole class).
In addition, the name "table" has the grammatical meaning of a subclass - computability. Any verb combines its individual lexical meaning with the grammatical meaning of verbality - the ability to define actions or situations.
An adjective combines its individual lexical meaning with the grammatical meaning of the whole adjective class - quality - the ability to express qualities. Adverbs have the grammatical meaning of an adverb - the ability to express the quality of adjectives.
There are some classes of words that are devoid of any lexical meaning and have only a grammatical meaning. This can be explained by their lack of referents in objective reality. All functional words belong to this group - articles, particles, prepositions, etc.
Types of grammatical meaning.
Grammatical meaning can be explicit or implicit. Implicit grammatical meaning is not formally expressed (for example, the word table does not contain any hints in its form about its inanimate).
Open grammatical meaning is always determined morphologically - it has a sign. In the word cats, the grammatical meaning of the plural is shown in the form of a noun; cat - is presented here in the form of the grammatical meaning of possession; asked – shows the clear grammatical meaning of the passive.
Hidden grammatical meaning can be of two types - general and dependent. The general grammatical meaning is the meaning of the whole group of words, part of the sentence (for example, nouns are the general grammatical meaning of things). A correct grammatical meaning is a subclass of meaning in the same clause. For example, any verb has an associated grammatical meaning, such as transitivity/intransitivity, verbosity/incompleteness, tense/inaccuracy; nouns have dependent grammatical meanings such as dependent/uncountable and animate/inanimate. The most important aspect of subordinate grammatical meaning is that it affects the implementation of grammatical categories, restricting them to a small class. So, the dependent grammatical meaning of countable/uncountable affects the implementation of the grammatical category of number, because the category of number is implemented only within the group of countable nouns, the grammatical meaning of animate/inanimate affects the implementation of the grammatical category of case, guarantee. /non-terminativeness - time category, transitivity/intransitivity - voice category.