Minstry of higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan

Functional Approach to Meaning
The functional approach asserts that the linguistic study of meaning is an examination of the relation of the sign to the sign only. In other words, they hold the view that the meaning of a linguistic unit can be learned only through its relation to a concept or referent.
for example: We know that step and step have different meanings because they function differently in speech. To step can be followed by an adverb, step cannot be followed, but an adjective can be.
The same is true of different meanings of the same word. Analyzing the function of the word in the linguistic context, comparing these contexts, we come to the conclusion that the meanings are different (or the same): as opposed to taking a tram, a taxi, someone. Hence, meaning can be seen as a distribution function.
Comparing the two approaches described above, we see that the functionalist approach should not be seen as an alternative, but as a valuable complement to the referent theory. There is absolutely no need to contrast the two approaches; each solves its own aspect of the problem, and neither is complete without the other.
3.Types Of Meaning
The two main types of meaning are the grammatical and lexical meanings.
Grammatical Meaning
We see, for example, that word forms such as table, chairs, bushes, although they denote different objects of reality, have something in common. This common element is the grammatical meaning of plural.
Thus, grammatical meaning can be defined as a component of meaning that is repeated in the same sets of individual forms of different words. for example: the tense meaning in the word forms of the verb (asked, spoke) or the case meaning in the word forms of various nouns (girls, nights).
In modern linguistics, it is widely believed that some elements of grammatical meaning can be determined based on their distribution. asked, speaks have the same grammatical meaning and all occur in the same distribution (e.g., only after the pronouns u, she, but before adverbs and phrases such as yesterday, last month). It follows that a certain component of the meaning of a word is defined when defining it as a part of a sentence, because different parts of a sentence differ in terms of distribution. The fragmentary meaning of words with a single form is observed only in the distribution as a preposition (see table (here) and (then, under) arrival).
Lexical meaning
Unlike grammatical meaning, this meaning component is the same in all forms of the word. for example: the words to write - to write - to write - to write have different grammatical meanings of time, person, but in each of these forms we find the same semantic component that indicates the process of putting words on paper. It is the lexical meaning of a word, which can be characterized as a linguistic unit that recurs in all forms of the word and in all possible distributions of these forms.

The difference between the lexical and grammatical components of the meaning should be sought not in the difference of concepts underlying these two types of meaning, but in their presentation.

For example, the concept of plurality can be represented by the dictionary meaning of the word plural. It can also be expressed in the form of different words, regardless of its lexical meaning (girls, boards).
The relationship between lexical and grammatical meaning and the role of each varies in different word groups and even in different word groups within the same word group. In some parts of the speech, the grammatical type of meaning prevails.
The lexical meaning of prepositions, as a rule, is relatively vague (thinking of someone, independent of someone, some of the students). The lexical meaning of some prepositions is relatively different from each other (in, on, under table).