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Peripherals
Alternatively called an auxiliary device, a peripheral is a hardware input device or output device that gives a computer additional functionality. Peripheral devices, however, are not essential for the computer to perform its basic tasks; they are an enhancement to the user's experience.
Below are examples of computer peripherals. None of these devices are required by a computer, but they give the computer additional capabilities. For example, a dedicated sound card provides more audio options for users, but today's motherboards still supply sound without one.
Many computer users are surprised to learn that a computer can run without a keyboard and a mouse. Both devices are not required for a computer to run, which is why they're considered peripherals. Many servers at data centers have no keyboard or mouse, and are often managed remotely.
Generally speaking, most peripherals are external devices. However, there are also devices like a sound card and tape drive that are internal devices and also peripherals. So, a peripheral could be an external or internal device.