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Introduction with Relative Pronouns:
Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and relate them to the noun they modify. Common relative pronouns include: who, whom, whose, which, that.
Example: "The person who won the race is my friend."
Referring to People:
"Who" is used to refer to people, both in subject and object positions.
Example (subject): "The woman who lives next door is a doctor."
Example (object): "The man whom she met is my brother."
Referring to Things or Animals:
"Which" is used to refer to things or animals.
Example: "The book which I am reading is very interesting."
Defining Relative Clauses:
These provide essential information about the noun and cannot be removed from the sentence without changing its meaning.
Example: "The car that I bought is blue."
Non-Defining Relative Clauses:
These provide additional, non-essential information about the noun, set off by commas. They can be removed without altering the main meaning of the sentence.
Example: "My sister, who lives in London, is coming to visit."
Possession with "Whose":
"Whose" is used to indicate possession or ownership.
Example: "The man, whose daughter is in my class, is a famous actor."
Relative Adverbs:
Relative adverbs (where, when, why) can introduce clauses that provide additional information about place, time, or reason.
Example (place): "The house where I grew up is for sale."
Example (time): "The day when I met her was memorable."
Example (reason): "The reason why he left is unclear."
Omitting Relative Pronouns:
In informal writing or spoken English, relative pronouns (except for "that") can be omitted when they are the object of the relative clause.
Example: "The book (that) I'm reading is great."
Understanding and using relative clauses can help add depth and complexity to your writing, providing additional details about the nouns you are describing.
Relative clauses in the English language are formed principally by means of relative pronouns. The basic relative pronouns are who, which, and that; who also has the derived forms whom and whose. Various grammatical rules and style guides determine which relative pronouns may be suitable in various situations, especially for formal settings. In some cases the relative pronoun may be omitted and merely implied ("This is the man [that] I saw", or "This is the putter he wins with").
English also uses free relative clauses, which have no antecedent and can be formed with the pronouns such as what ("I like what you've done"), and who and whoever.
Modern guides to English say that the relative pronoun should take the case (subject or object) which is appropriate to the relative clause, not the function performed by that clause within an external clause.
Relative clauses, also known as adjective clauses, are subgroups of dependent clauses that provide additional information about a noun (or pronoun) in a sentence. They can be classified into different types based on their functions, meaning, and structure. Here are the main types of relative clauses: