Network components

Networking

A network is a connection that is formed from the connection of two or more devices. An example of this is to get something optional. For example there is the possibility of transmitting information from one computer to another or playing games for several people or teams. The network also lies as a basis in the telephone conversation of 2 people. In short, the concept of a network lies in the fact that any device communicates with other devices.

NETWORK COMPONENTS

1. Device:
a) end devices (computer, phone, printer, fax, )
b) Intermediate devices (router, switch, hub, )

2. Tool (connection method):

a) copper (med) cable:
1) symmetric-parallel cables;
2) coaxial;
b) optical cable:
1)one modality – used in the trunk;
2) used in multi-modal-local network;
c) Wireless Communication (wi-fi, bluetooth, etc.k;
3. Service-services that the network provides (audio/video call, data transfer )
TYPES OF NETWORKS

PAN (Personal Area Network) – there may be at most 8 participants, and the radius coverage is up to 30 meters.

LAN (Local Area Network) – 10 to 100 users can be available and radius coverage is up to 100 meters.
CAN (Campus Area Network) – unites several LAN networks to itself. A large and multi-segmented LAN is formed.
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) is an urban coverage network. It covers a distance of 1000 meters and unites 1000 users in itself.
WAN (Wide Area Network) is a global computer network. Unites a Million subscribers in itself (Internet).
OSI and TCP / IP
And for the network to work, we need an OSI model and a TCP/IP protocol stack. The Osi (Open System Interconnection) model consists of 7 Steps and each step package consists and each step goes by its own mark when generating a packet (which is a type of data transfer). That is, in this case, if the information comes to the appearance of the package and is transmitted, starting from Step 7 and going down to the bottom before leaving any device. And after the second computer receives it, it goes upwards from Step 1 and comes to the information view. In this case, if there is an error in some step, the package is re-requested or the request is canceled (these concepts are considered relative, and the information exchange is not carried out exactly as stated). 7 vertebrae of the OSI model:


The OSI model is an étalon model, which exists only theoretically. Currently, based on this model, the network works based on TCP/IP stack protocols. The only reason for the development of TCP/IP is the simplification and convenient use of the OSI model. TCP / IP stack protocol structure:

In addition we have the concept of a port, and the Port is a logical link node, which is used to generate a link to the logically desired protocol. An optional request is addressed to the exact desired port at any destination, and when responding, the request is re-sent to the port of arrival. TCP / IP has a port for each protocol. Their total number is 65,535.

In place of the conclusion, it can be said that the concept of a network is considered very deep, and in order to fully study it, it is necessary to study each element in it. On today's topic, I tried to make it as short but understandable as possible. These concepts are considered several of the main holos.