b. Automatic Identification System (AIS)
AIS is a ship-reporting system based on messages broadcasted by vessels carrying
transponders. It was developed primarily as a tool for maritime safety to avoid vessel
collision by Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) and as a means for coastal states to receive
information on vessels operating near their coasts. AIS transponders send and receive
signals, using a very high-frequency (VHF) transmitter, broadcast to receiver devices on other
ships or to land-based systems. By sending and receiving regular communications about their
identity and course, vessels can avoid collisions and navigate safely in low visibility.
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