No Job Name
Download 239.72 Kb. Pdf ko'rish
|
IND43719688
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Figure 1. Flowchart of dry milling of sicklepod seeds. Sicklepod Seed Processing J. Agric. Food Chem., Vol. 53, No. 12, 2005 4785
- Figure 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this preliminary dry-milling process, sicklepod seeds were milled at room temperature as shown in Figure 1. Because the seeds were not preclassified into the appropriate grades, repetition was necessary to achieve a particle size amenable to efficient solvent extraction of seed components from the milled endosperm. Consequently, finer cleaning of the endosperm Figure 1. Flowchart of dry milling of sicklepod seeds. Sicklepod Seed Processing J. Agric. Food Chem., Vol. 53, No. 12, 2005 4785 required secondary grinding and sifting of the prior milled sample through 80 and 100 mesh sieves. The cleaned, powdered endosperm was then defatted in petroleum ether using a Soxhlet to give a dark red oil after solvent removal. The oil yield was 6.00 g (5.0%) based on the starting mass of endosperm. Its infrared spectrum (Figure 2) included no absorbances charac- teristic of anthraquinones. Most of the latter show IR (major) bands at 1701-1679 cm -1 sh, 1629-1625 cm -1 vs, 1571 cm -1 m, 1457 cm -1 s, 1285 cm -1 vs, 755 cm -1 s, and a strong broad band for rhein and emodin centered at ∼3400 cm -1 (Figure 5). Exhaustive extraction of the defatted endosperm in aqueous acetone gave insoluble residues that totaled 66.60 g, or 55.5% (w/w), based on the starting endosperm. Infrared spectroscopy (Figure 3) and protein analyses of this material showed it was essentially 76-88% protein. Isolation of the anthraquinone content was achieved by partitioning the aqueous extract with diethyl ether. Concentration of the combined and dried organic layers under reduced pressure yielded 5.60 g (4.6% w/w), containing a dark red solid mixture of anthraquinones. This value is apparently much higher than that previously reported ( ∼1-2%) in whole seed (3). Because this is a known endosperm component, the observed higher value in contrast to whole seed content is not unexpected. In an attempt to identify the extracted anthraquinones, the TLC procedure of Crawford et al. (1) was modified to achieve better spot resolution (Figure 4). From a comparison of the migration values of the components in our extract (lane 4) to those of the available standards in our solvent system (hexanes/EtOAc/ AcOH; 10:5:2), the R f ) 0.58 for the fastest component closely matched that of chrysophanic acid (1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methyl- anthracen-9,10-dione), lane 3. All of the visible spots on the developed chromatogram were yellow, but after spraying with 5% KOH/methanol and heating, some of the spots changed color. The spot with R f ) 0.42 became purple following KOH spraying and heating. This component did not correspond to any of the standards available to us. A purplish- orange spot of R f ) 0.36 matched the R f value of emodin (lane 6). In addition to the brown spot at the origin, there were three smeared spots between R f ) 0.36 and the origin; the fastest of these has a top segment matching the R f of rhein (4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinon- 2-carboxylic acid), lane 1, whereas its middle portion matched the R f value of aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl- anthraquinone), lane 7. The standards danthron (1,8-dihydroxy- anthracen-9,10-dione), lane 2, and physcion (1,8-dihydroxy-6- methoxy-3-methylanthracen-9,10-dione), lane 5, were unre- presented in the components of the extract. The IR spectral characteristics of the available standards of these compounds showed weak to medium absorption bands in the 3500-2700 cm -1 region except 4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (rhein) and 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracen-9,10-dione (emodin), which have strong to moderate band intensities, respectively, in this region. Sharp absorption bands are observed for all anthraquinones in the 1740-1000 cm -1 spectral region. To ascertain the detectability of low levels of anthraquinones in the IR spectra, the isolated anthraquinone mixture at 1.33 ppm in KBr solid solution gave a broad band of moderately strong intensity centered at 3412 cm -1 for the O-Hs and moderate alkyl C-H stretch frequencies at 2925 and 2854 cm -1 . The lower frequency region of the spectrum consisted of a weak 1738 cm -1 band, a slightly broadened intense absorption band encompassing 1679, 1655, 1635, and 1620 cm -1 for the conjugated carbonyls, and the HCdand CdC puckering modes with shoulders at 1601 and 1586 cm -1 . The remaining spectral region showed bands at 1486 cm -1 , 1456 cm -1 m (-CH- deformation), 1281 cm -1 vs (OdCC), 1210 cm -1 m (OCdC), and 745 cm -1 (HC out-of-plane wag) (Figure 5). The additional Download 239.72 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling