TIMSS & PIRLS
Lynch
School of Education
International Study Center
TIMSS 2023 CONTEXT QUESTIONNAIRE FRAMEWORK
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any available curricular documents for early childhood and
preprimary education, including provisions
for socioemotional development as well as for the development of literacy and numeracy skills. This
serves to contextualize the information on student participation in preprimary education that is collected
through the Home Questionnaire.
Age of Entry and Retention Policies
Because TIMSS assesses students in the grades corresponding to the fourth and eighth years of formal
schooling, policies about the age of entry into formal education (first
year of primary school, ISCED
Level 1) are important for understanding variation in achievement and students’ ages within those grades
across countries.
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Countries’ promotion and retention policies during different
phases of schooling are
also collected; research has shown that retention has negative relationships with student well-being and
achievement, particularly in the short term.
132,133,134
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