O zbek iston respublikasi oliy va 0 ‘rta maxs*js ta’lim vazirligi
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14-PSIXOLOGIY-E-.G-Goziyev-2011-Darslik
A .G .K ovalev t a ’l i m o t i g a k o ‘ra, shaxs m a n a b u n d a y
tuzilish g a ega: 1. Yo'nalg a nlik — v o q e l i k k a n i s b a t a n i n s o n m u n o - s a b a ti n i a n iq la y d i va u n g a o ‘z a ro t a ’sir e tu v c h i h a r xil xususiy atli g ‘oyaviy v a a m a l iy y o 1 - y o ‘riqlar, q iziqishlar, e h t i y o j l a r kiradi. U s t u v o r y o ‘nalg an lik shaxsning b archa psixik faoliyatini belgilaydi. 2. Im koniyatlar — b u faoliyatning niuvaffaqiyatli am alga o shishini ta 'm in lo v ch i h a m d a o 'z a ro t a ’sir etuvchi va turlicha o lz a r o b o g ‘liq b o 'l g a n qobiliy a tla rd ir. 3 .X a r a k te r — i jtim o iy m u h i td a sh ax sn in g x u l q - a t v o r u s lu b in i belgilaydi. O d a m n i n g ruhiyati, shakli va m a z m u n i u n d a n a m o y o n b o 'l a d i . X a r a k t e r tiz i m i d a n iro d a v iy va m a 'n a v i y sifatlar ajra tila d i. 4. M ashqlar tizimi — lia y o t va faoliyat. h a r a k a t v a x u l q - a t v o r n i t u z a t i s h , o lzini o ‘zi n a z o r a t q ilis h , o ‘z in i o kzi b o s h q a r is h n i t a 'm in la y d i. H ozirgi k u n d a va kelajakda shaxsga subyektiv m u n o s a b a t t n u a m m o s i n i ijtim oiy j i h a t d a n t u r m u s h d a q a r o r t o p t i r i s h u c h u n : o d a m ( i n d i v i d ) — i n s o n — s h a x s — i n d i v i d u a l ! i k — s u b y e k t — k o m ill i k ( b a r k a m o l l i k ) i y e r a r x i y a s i g a r i o y a qilinadi. S h a x s g a n i s b a t a n s u b y e k t i v m u n o s a b a t , y a ’ni u n d a r o b o t s if a t i d a m a jb u riy lik t a m o y i l i g a a s o s l a n i b ( b a r c h a x u s u siy a tla rn i b ir tekis s h a k ll a n t i r is h m u m k in , d e g a n x a to n a z a r i y a d a n v o z k e c h is h ) i n s o n q a r s h il ik k o ' r s a t i s h i n i h is o b g a o lu v ch i y o n d a s h u v n i y o lIga q o ‘y ish , s u b y e k t — s u b y e k t aloqasini v u ju d g a keltirish. H a r q a n d a y subyekt — s h a x s, lekin h a r q a y si s h a x s s u b y e k t e m a slig i m u a m m o s i n i y e c h is h î o z i m . B u n i n g u c h u n m u staq il fikrlashga e g a b o l i s h , shaxsiy p o z i t s i y a n i h i m o y a qila olish, g loyani a m a l g a oshirish y o l i d a t o ‘s iq la rn i p isa n d qilmaelik, m u s t a h k a m i s h o n c h , q a t ’iy m a s la k , i m o n neg izig a asoslanish, in tilis h d a irodaviy b a r q a r o r l i k u s t u - vorligiga erishish. D u n y o q a r a s h va u n i h a y o t g a t a t b i q q i - lis h n in g obyek tiv va su b y e k tiv s h a r t- s h a r o i t l a r i m a v j u d - ligiga i q r o r b o l i s h h a m d a u n i t a n olish va h o k a z o . B i z n in g c h a , individ, s h a x s , su b y ek t va k o m i l i n s o n t o ‘g ‘risid a m u l o h a z a l a r y u r i t i l g a n d a u l a r n i n g o n g s i z l i k , ongostlilik (m uvofiqlashuv), onglilik va o ‘ta onglilik h o la tla ri b i l a n u z v iy a l o q a d o r l ig i n i u n u t m a s l i k lo z i m . Y u q o r i d a keitirilgan a ta m a la ro n g li m a v ju d o tg a taalluqli ekanligi j a h o n psixologiyasi fa n in in g ilm iy m a n b a l a r i d a a t r o f l i c h a t a l q i n q il in g a n , lekin u la rn in g iyera rx iy asi, m o h i y a t i b a y o n i d a tu r l i c h a y o n d a s h u v ia r m a v j u d . M a z k u r m a q s a d n i c h u q u r - ro q o c h i s h g a y o ‘naltirilg an n a z a r i y a la r o ‘ta b a h s li b o ‘lib, lin in g z a m i n i d a faqat o n g y o tis h i ta s d iq la n g a n . A s l id a e s a inson ixtiyoriy d iqqat, ixtiyoriy xo tira va m u a y y a n m a q s a d g a a s o s l a n a d i . B i r o n - b i r f a o l i y a t i n s o n t o m o n i d a n t a s h k i l q il in g a n d a g i n a o n g s h a x s n in g u s h b u faoliyatini r e g u la t o r i ( b o s h q a ru v c h is i) vazifasini o ktaydi. B iroq o d a m f u n k s i o n a l h o l a t i n i n g o ‘z g a r i s h i b i l a n o n g l i l i k d a n o n g s i z l i k (ix - tiy o rs iz lik ) k a o 't i b , ijo d , t a s h a b b u s u n in g u c h u n m u o m a l a , fa oliyat negiziga ay lan ish i o l a r o q , shaxs asta m uvofiqlashuv h o la t i g a kirib borishi m u m k i n . S h u bois shaxs b i r d a v r n in g o kz i d a h a r u c h a l a h o l a t (onglilik, ongsizlik, on g o stlilik ) h u k m i o s t id a y a s h a s h i, faoliyat k o ‘rsatishi, ijod qilishi, m u o m a l a g a k irishishi m u m k i n . H a r u c h a l a h o l a t o m ili n e g i z i d a sh a x s n in g k a m o l o t i vujudga keladi, u l a r n i n g h a r qaysisi b u ja ra y o n g a o ‘ziga xos ulush q o ‘shadi. O n g holatlari t a b ii y ra v ish d a b ir-b iri b i la n uzluksiz t a rz d a o ‘rin a lm a s h ib t u r a d i , c h u n k i in s o n ixtiyorsiz, ixtiyoriy va ix tiyoriyda n k e y i n g i b o s q i c h l a r h u k m i o s ti d a y a s h a s h i v a f a o liy a t k o 'r s a t i s h i m u m k in . X X I a srd a y a s h o v c h i inson ongli, on g o sti v a ongsizlik h o l a t l a r i d a n ta s h q a r i o ‘z - o ‘zini anglash im k o n iy a tig a h a m e g a . S h u b o i s o ‘z - o ‘z i n i a n g l a s h n i q u y i d a g i t a r k i b i y q is m la r g a ajratish m a q s a d g a muvofiq: 1) o ‘t m is h d a g i „ m e n “ ( „ o 'z l i k “ ); 2) hozirgi „ m e n “ ( „ o kzlik“ ); 3 ) b o klglusi „ m e n “ ( „ o kzlik“ ); » 4) ideal „ m e n “ ( „ o ‘z l i k “ ); 5) d i n a m i k „ m e n “ ( „ o kzlik“ ). O kz - o kzini a n g l a s h j a r a y o n i m illiy o kzligini a n g la sh b i l a n u zviy bogMiq b o ‘lib, m u a y y a n vaqt, m u d d a t o ‘ti- s h i n i , y a ’ni m a ' l u m d a v r n i t a q o z o e ta d i, le k in u h a m e v o l u t s i o n , h a m re v o lu t s i o n y o l t a ’sirida a m a l g a oshishi m u m k i n . 0 ‘z - o ‘zini a n g l a s h borliq va j a m i y a t n i i n ’ikos e t i s h n i n g yu q o ri b o s q i c h i sanalib, pirovard n atija sifatida y u z a g a keladi, i n s o n n in g d o n ish m an d lig in i n a m o y is h qiladi. 0 ‘z - o ‘z in i a n g la s h b e s h ta r k i b d a n ib o rat b o ‘lib, u o ‘ta m u r a k k a b j a r a y o n h i s o b l a n i b , u n in g tarkiblari b ir i n - k e t i n a n g l a s h i l i s h i m k o n i y a t i g a eg a c m a s . C h u n k i , i n s o n d a o ‘z i n i n g hayoti va faoliyati y u tu q la rin i, n u q s o n l a r in i, x u lq- a t v o r k o kn ik m a l a r in i , a q l - i d r o k d arajalarin i, ichki im k o - n i y a t z a x ir a la r i n i , q a d r i y a t h a m d a m a ’n a v i y a t k o 'r s a t - k ic h la rin i o q i lo n a b a h o l a s h yetishm aydi. S h a x s d a t a n q i d va o lz - o ‘zini t a n q id , b a h o l a s h va o ‘z - o ‘zini b a h o l a s h , te k sh i- rish v a o lz - o kzini t e k s h i r i s h , n az o rat qilish va o kz - o kzini 76 n a z o r a t qilish, b o s h q a rish v a o ‘z - o ‘zini b o s h q a r is h , t a k o - m illa sh tiris h v a o ‘z - o ‘zini ta k o m i ll a s h ti r i s h , riv o j l a n ti r i s h va o ‘z - o ‘zini rivojlantirish m u ta n o s ib lig i m a q s a d g a j a v o b bera olm aydi. Individual v a ijtim oiy o n g ning t o b o ra rivojlanib b o r i s h i m a z k u r m u t a n o s i b l i k n i a m a l g a o s h i r i s h n i t a ’m i n la y d i, bu esa m u a y y a n m u d d a t n i ta la b q iladi. I n s o n o kz - o ‘z i n i a n g l a s h j a r a y o n i d a k o ‘p i n c h a rc a llik d a n b o s hlaydi, hozirgi v a fa v q u io d d a g i h o l a t n i ta h lil q i l a d i , s h a x s i y i m k o n i y a t i b i l a n t a q q o s l a y d i , m a ' l u m m c z o n y oki n a m u n a , i b r a t t a n l a b , u n g a t e n g l a s h i s h g a i n t i l a d i . K e y i n c h a l i k e s a u n i k e la ja k , i s t iq b o l r e j a l a r i qiziqtiradi, o kzining n im a la rg a qodirligi y u za sid a n m u l o h a z a y u rita d i, bu h o r a d a m u a y y a n q a r o r q abul q ilishga e r is h a d i, lekin b u q a r o rla r ongli yoki oqilligiga s h u b h a la n a d i. S h u n g a q a r a m a y u n i b ir n c c h a m a r t a ta hlil qilish, q i y o sla sh , u n g a o 'z g a r ti r i s h la r kiritish, y a n g ila s h orq a li b o klg ‘usi „ m e n d i g a aniqlik kiritadi va faollik m c x a n i z m ig a aylantiradi. 0 * z - o kzini a n g l a s h n i n g n a v b a td a g i b o s q i c h i d a s h a x s o 't m i s h i n i tahlil qiladi, u n d a g i qusu rli va ibratli j i h a t l a r n i o ‘z a r o qiy o slab ustu v o rlik n i a n iq la s h g a in tilad i, b u b o r a d a a y r im siljishlarga erishadi. I j tim o iy h a y o t d a n u o ‘z ig a id e a l b o 'l u v c h i s h a x s n i t a n l a y d i va u n d a g i i j o b iy x i s l a t l a r , x ususiyat v a k o 'r i n i s h l a m i , k o ‘rs a tk ic h la rn i o ' z i d a m u j a s - s a m l a s h t i r a b o r a d i. S h a x s o ‘z - o ‘zini a n g la s h d a v o m i d a d i n a m i k h a r a k a t s i z h e c h b i r n a r s a n i r o ‘y o b g a c h i q a r a olm asligiga i q r o r b o l a d i , n a t ija d a uzluksiz h a r a k a tla rn i a s ta - sek in , b ird a n ig a , tav a k k a lig a a m a lg a o sh irish lo z im li g i n i t u s h u n i b y etad i. D i n a m i k h o l a t n i b a h o l a s h , t e k s h i r i s h , n a z o r a t q i l is h , b o s h q a r i s h n a t i j a s i d a d i n a m i k , , m e n “ s h a k l l a n a b o s hlaydi. 0 ‘z - o ‘zini a n g l a s h n in g b e s h t a r k i b i y q is m i b i r xilda i n s o n n i n g m a ’naviy d u n y o s ig a a y l a n s a , b u u n d a m u k a m m a l l i k , b a r k a m o l l i k d a ra ja si v u j u d g a k e l - g a n lig id a n dalo latd ir. 0 ‘z - o 'z i n i anglash s h a x s n i n g fazilatiga a y la n ish i u c h u n m u a y y a n d av r, vaqt, n i u d d a t t a la b qilin a d i, s h u n i n g u c h u n o kq u v c h iIa r va re s p u b li k a m i z n i n g b o s h q a f u q a ro la ri b i l a n d a s t u r i y t a d b i r - c h o r a l a r o ‘t k a z i s h o r q a l i k o ' z l a n g a n m a q s a d g a erishish m u m k i n . X X I asr o d a m la r i k o m illik n i e ga llovc hi, y a ’ni kom il i n s o n l i k k a i n t il u v c h í s h a x s l a r d a n ta rk ib t o p i s h i lo z im . K o m i l li k n in g b i r n e c h t a m e z o n la ri m av ju d boMib, u n d a j i s m o n i y b a r k a m o l l i k , a x lo q íy b a r k a m o l li k , b e í a k r o r li k , a q l - z a k o v a t l i l i k s i n g a r i s h a x s n i n g i j t i m o i y - t a r b i y a v i y t a r k i b l a r i o ‘z ifo d a sin i t o p a d i . K o m i l lik n i n g o ‘ziga xos b o s q i c h l a r i , o b y e k t i v v a s u b y e k t i v x u s u s i y a t l i s h a r t - s h a r o it l a r i, o m illa ri m a v ju d d ir. K o m il i n s o n im k o n iy a ti c h e k s i z , o ‘z i q t i d o r i , i s t e ’d o d i , s a l o h i y a t i , q o b i l i y a t i , d o n i s h m a n d l i g i , q o m u s iy lig i biian o ‘z z a m o n d o s h l a r i d a n se z ila rli d a r a j a d a ilg a rila b k e tg a n , b c t a k r o r , o kta o ngli, b io s fe r a v a n eo sfera m u n o s a b a t la r in i anglo v ch i Download Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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