Of the republic of uzbekistan andizhan state university faculty of foreign languages department of grammar and practical course of the english language

1:R.Burns’s life, his contribution to literature and science fiction.

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LITERATURE is one of the main types of Art (alongside cinema, theater, painting etc.). Its role is immense in getting to know life and in bringing up people. In other words literature is "the text - book of life". But, of course, this does not mean that after reading some books of fiction you are in the know of life. In order to become a “literary educated person” one has to study not only the book itself but also one has to get acquainted with the history of literature, which reflects the history of people.

English literature, as well as American one, is a part of world literature. It has passed great and complicated way of development, and reflects the history of country and people. National peculiarities of English people find their reflection in people's ballads, in Chaucer's poesies, in the works of Moore, Dickens, Shakespeare, Dreiser, London and others.
In every country the history of literature is closely connected with the history of class struggle and social contradictions within nation. This refers to the English literature too.
Robert Burns was born in 1759, in Alloway, Scotland, to William
and Agnes Brown Burnes. Like his father, Burns was a tenant farmer. However, toward the end of his life he became an excise collector in Dumfries, where he died in 1796 throughout his life he was also a practicing poet. His poetry recorded and celebrated aspects of farm life, regional experience, traditional culture, class culture and distinctions, and religious practice.

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Born in Alloway, Ayrshire in 1759 into fairly humble circumstances, Robert received a certain amount of schooling and was well read for a boy of his background. He began his working life as an apprentice flax-dresser in Irvine, Ayrshire, but after his father died he worked the family farm along with his brother, Gilbert.

In 1786 he had published, in Kilmarnock, a first collection of poems: Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, which made him an overnight success. He went to Edinburgh where he was well received by the polite society of the day (though Burns’ personality did not always sit well with that world). Walter Scott, then a boy of fifteen, remembered him thus:
‘I think his countenance was more massive than it looks in any of the portraits. I would have taken the poet, had I not known what he was, for a very sagacious country farmer of the old Scotch school; that is, none of your modern agriculturalists who keep laborers for their drudgery, but the douce guidman who held his own plough. There was a strong expression of sense and shrewdness in all his lineaments: the eye alone, I think, indicated the poetical character and temperament. It was large, and of a cast which glowed (I say literally glowed). I never saw such another eye in a human being, though I have seen the most distinguished men of my time. His conversation expressed perfect self-confidence, but without the least intrusive forwardness; and when he differed in opinion, he did not hesitate to express it firmly, yet at the same time with modesty.’
As well as poetry, Burns is well known for his songs, and his contributions to George Thomson’s A Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs for the Voice and James Johnson’s The Scots Musical Museum have perhaps contributed more to his ‘Immortal Memory’ around the world; the most famous being, ‘My Love is Like a Red, Red Rose’, ‘Ae Fond Kiss’ and of course, ‘Auld Lang Syne’, sung at Hogmanay.

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He is considered the national poet of Scotland. Although he did not set out to achieve that designation, he clearly and repeatedly expressed his wish to be called a Scots bard, to extol his native land in poetry and song, as he does in “The Answer”:

Ev’n thena wish (I mind its power) a wish, that to my latest hour shall strongly heave my breast; that I for poor auld Scotland’s sake some useful plan, or book could make, Or sing a sang at least.
And perhaps he had an intimation that his “wish” had some basis in reality when he described his Edinburgh reception in a letter of December 7, 1786 to his friend Gavin Hamilton: “I am in a fair way of becoming as eminent as Thomas a Kempis or John Bunyan and you may expect henceforth to see my birthday inserted among the wonderful events, in the Poor Robin’s and Aberdeen Almanacks. … and by all probability I shall soon be