Old English literature, or Anglo-Saxon literature
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romantic love. ...Fate. ...Folly of humanity. ...High classical culture.
women and love (“Romeo and Juliet”),women and power (“Macbeth”),fathers and daughters (“The Merchant of Venice”, “King Lear”),rhetoric and power (“Hamlet”), the world as a stage (“The Merchant of Venice”, “Macbeth”). Shakespearean sonnets feature the following elements: They are fourteen lines long. The fourteen lines are divided into four subgroups. The first three subgroups have four lines each, which makes them “quatrains,” with the second and fourth lines of each group containing rhyming words. The sonnet then concludes with a two-line subgroup, and these two lines rhyme with each other. There are typically ten syllables per line, which are phrased in iambic pentameter.
During this period, writers like Shakespeare, Ben Jonson and John Donne left their marks, particularly in the worlds of theater and poetry. The Caroline, Interregnum and Restoration eras - Those took up roughly the remainder of the 17th century and saw important work from the three Johns: Milton, Dryden and Bunyan. In Francis Bacon's “The Four Idols”, Bacon describes to us the Four Idols which are the idols of the tribe, the idols of the cave, the idols of the marketplace, and the idols of the theater. In his epic poem Paradise Lost (1667) Satan, formerly called Lucifer, is the first major character introduced in the poem. He was once the most beautiful of all angels, and is a tragic figure who famously declares: "Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven." Following his failed rebellion against God, he is cast out from Heaven and condemned to Hell. Comedy of Manners. The Comedy of Manners is a theatrical genre that was uber-popular during the Restoration period. ... Satire. The Restoration writers couldn't get enough satire. ... Heroic Couplet. ... Social Life. ... Politics. ... Faith. ... Restoration of Monarchy. ... Rejection of Puritanism.
The Age of Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Reason or simply the Enlightenment)[1][note 2] was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe duThe Enlightenment, a philosophical movement that dominated in Europe during the 18th century, was centered around the idea that reason is the primary source of authority and legitimacy, and advocated such ideals as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state.ring the 17th and 18th centuries. 64)NOTABLE WORKS “A Farewell to Arms” “The Sun Also Rises” “The Old Man and the Sea” “For Whom the Bell Tolls” “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber” “A Clean Well-Lighted Place” “Hills like White Elephants” “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” “To Have and Have Not” “Death in the Afternoon” 66) Realism and Myth Poetic Realism Women
Political Theatre and War 67)Common themes in the new early 20th century drama were political, reflecting the unease or rebellion of the workers against the state, philosophical, delving into the who and why of human life and existence, and revolutionary, exploring the themes ofcolonization and loss of territory. 69)A notable characteristic of modernism is self-consciousness concerning artistic and social traditions, which often led to experimentation with form, along with the use of techniques that drew attention to the processes and materials used in creating works of art. 71) For Joyce's three major themes in Dubliners are paralysis, corruption, and death. 72) There are several essential works of Virginia Woolf. For example: Mrs. Dalloway (1925) Orlando: A Biography (1928) To the Lighthouse (1927) A Room of One’s Own (1929) The Waves (1931) Between the Acts (1941) 1)Mrs. Dalloway is one of the best books to start with for those who are only just encountering Virginia Woolf’s writing. Clarissa Dalloway is a high-society English woman and Woolf tells the story of her life in post-World War I London. Woolf explores the society at the time and creates an image of the protagonist’s life through her thoughts, as Clarissa prepares for a party that she is going to host that evening. This book is an example of a stream of consciousness narrative, as the reader gets thrown into Clarissa’s mind and her world, creating a sense of intimacy with this character. It was made into a film in 1997. 2)Described by Jorge Luis Borges as Woolf’s ‘most intense novel, and one of the most singular of our era’, Orlando is an enthralling yet accessible read. It starts with a male protagonist, an aristocratic poet who frequents Queen Elizabeth’s court. The novel explores key questions of gender and identity, all against the backdrop of the characters travelling through time and meeting various important literary figures across the ages. Unique and unexpected, Orlando: A Biography is a must-read for any literary fan. 3)The story of three members of the Ramsay family, told from their varying perspectives, To the Lighthouse is a touching story of the hardships this family faces while living in a house on the coast of Scotland. Woolf’s flawless prose and interpretation of human emotions will impact readers. She explores the human fear of change in a new, compelling way, and her ability to make descriptions come to life is one of her greatest tools and one of the reasons that readers are unable to put this book down 4)In this essay, Woolf delves into the implications of gender, and claims that without money and a room of their own, women are not able to let their creativity and genius run free. To exemplify this theory, Woolf creates an imaginary character: Shakespeare’s sister. She gives this character a talent as great as Shakespeare’s, but her story is not one of success; instead she commits suicide, infinitely frustrated by her inability to express her genius in the male-dominated world in which she lives. A Room of One’s Own is a seminal feminist text, and is essential reading for everyone. 5)This book is composed of six monologues, one by each of the book’s main characters, which Woolf uses to delve into the notions of identity, individuality and society. There is a seventh character, Percival, who is also important but does not speak directly to the reader. The Waves is often considered Woolf’s masterpiece because of the unique style in which it is written, overstepping traditional genre boundaries and intertwining poetry and prose. 6)Between the Acts was Virginia Woolf’s last work, and was published posthumously. It is set in an unknown location in England as the outbreak of the Second World War looms over the country. A village hosts its annual show in a summer house, and the villagers act out important moments of English history. It is a play within a play in which Woolf cleverly alludes to certain topics, mostly related to the war: the rise of fascism was important to her, not only because her husband was Jewish, but because she too was on Hitler’s UK blacklist. 73) The Nobel Prize in Literature 1948 was awarded to Thomas Stearns Eliot "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry." 74)The "angry young men" were a group of mostly working- and middle-class British playwrights and novelists who became prominent in the 1950s. The group's leading figures included John Osborne and Kingsley Amis.Following the success of the Osborne play, the label "angry young men" was later applied by British media to describe young writers who were characterised by a disillusionment with traditional British society. The term, always imprecise, began to have less meaning over the years as the writers to whom it was originally applied became more divergent, and many of them dismissed the label as useless. 76) He called his thrillers entertainments. 77)77) NOTABLE WORKS “Second Look” “The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution” “Strangers and Brothers” "The masters" "Time of hope" "Corridors of power" "The new man" "Last things"" "The light and the dark"....... 78) Philosophical fiction refers to the class of works of fiction which devote a significant portion of their content to the sort of questions normally addressed in philosophy. These might explore any facet of the human condition, including the function and role of society, the nature and motivation of human acts, the purpose of life, ethics or morals, the role of art in human lives, the role of experience or reason in the development of knowledge, whether there exists free will, or any other topic of philosophical interest. 79) He lived a horrible and inhuman life, and reflected most of the horrors of that period in his works. Download 18.51 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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