Option 1 Definitions of management

2.School of human relations
Mayo introduced the Human Relations School of thought, which focused on managers taking more of an interest in the workers, treating them as people who have worthwhile opinions and realising that workers enjoy interacting together.Mayo concluded that workers are best motivated by:Better communication between managers and workers -Greater manager involvement in employees working lives- Working in groups or teams -His theory most closely fits in with a paternalistic style of management.-Workers motivated by having social needs met-Workers should work in teams-Managers should have greater involvement in employee's working life-More two-way communication between managers and workers. The human relations theory of management began development in the early 1920’s during the industrial revolution. At that time, productivity was the focus of business. Professor Elton Mayo began his experiments (the Hawthorne Studies), to prove the importance of people for productivity – not machines.The human relations management theory is a researched belief that people desire to be part of a supportive team that facilitates development and growth. Therefore, if employees receive special attention and are encouraged to participate, they perceive their work has significance, and they are motivated to be more productive, resulting in high quality work. The following human relations management theory basics became evident during human relation studies:1. Individual attention and recognition aligns with the human relations theory.2. Many theorists supported the motivational theory.3. Studies supported the importance of human relations in business.
The school of scientific management and the classical school were born when psychology was still in its infancy. The authors of scientific management and the classical approach recognized the importance of the human factor, their discussions were limited to such aspects as fair pay, economic incentives and the establishment of formal functional relationships. The human relations movement was born in response to a failure to fully grasp the human factor as a fundamental element of organizational effectiveness. Since it arose as a reaction to the shortcomings of the classical approach, the school of human relations is sometimes called the neoclassical school.