O’rta maxsus kasb-hunar ta’limi markazi

O’tgan tugallangan zamonning ishlatilishi
1. Past Perfect o’tgan zamondagi biror vaqtdan oldin tamom bo’lgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi.O’tgan zamondagi bu vaqt quyidagicha berilishi mumkin:

By 5 o’clock(soat beshgacha), by Saturday (shanbagacha)

Simple Past bilan ifodalangan o’tgan zanondagi ikkinchi bir ishharakati bilan:

We had not reached the station when it began to rain. Yomg’ir yog’a boshlaganda biz stansiyaga yetib bormagan edik. Ish-harakatni sodir bo’lgan vaqt Past Perfect ishlatilgan gapga emas, boshqa gapga ham bo’lishi mumkin. As I was going to the station it began to rain. Fortunately I had taken an umbrella and (had) put on a coat . Stansiyada borar ekanman yomg’ir yog’a boshladi. Bahtimga soyabon olgan va palto kiygan ekanman.

2. Ikki yoki undan ortiq oldinma-ketin sodir bo’lgan ish harakatni sodir bo’lish tartibida bayon qilish bo’linib ulardan oldin sodir bo’lgan ish-harakati kelsa o’sha ish-harakat Past Perfect da ishlatiladi: He came home late in the evening. He had visited the Museum of Fine Arts and had been to the concert. He had supper read the newspaper and feeling tired, went to bed. U uyga kechqurun kech keldi. U son’at muzeyiga bordi va konsertda bo’lgan edi. U kechki ovqatini yedi, gazetani o’qidi va charchab joyiga yotti.

Misolga came, had supper, read, went,to bed harakatlari oldinma ketin sodir bo’ladi, had, visited va had been harakatlari esa ulardan oldin sodir bo’lgan. `

3. After-(-dan keyin) bilan bog’langan ergash gapda Past Perfect ishlatiladi:
After the sun set, we decided to return home. After the cases had been counted, I left the warehouse. Quyosh botgandan keying biz uyga qaytishga qaror qildik. Qutilar sanab bo’lingandan keyin men ombordan chiqdim.

Ikki ish-harakatni biri ikkinchidan oldin sodir bo’lganligini ta’kidlash zaruratni bo’lmaganda after ishlatilgan gapda ham Simple Past ishlatiladi:

After he turned off the light, he left the room. After he signed the letter, he asked the secretary to send it off. Chiroqni o’chirgach u xonadan chiqdi.Xatni imzolagandan keyin u kotibaga xatni jo’natib yuborishni aytib.
4. Whendan keyin odatda, Simple Past ishlatiladi.Lekin When-dan keyin ma’nosida kelganida When bilan boshlangan gapda Past Perfect ishlatiladi:

When they had gone, he began to work.

5. Before bilan boshlangan ergash gapli qo’shma gapning bosh gapida Past perfect, ergash gapida Simple Past, ishlatiladi.

I had finished my work before he returned.

6. Tarkibida hardly, scarcely, no sooner ravishlari bo’lgan qo’shma gapning bosh gapida Past Perfect va ergash gapida simple Past ishlatiladi:

He had hardly entered the house, when it started to rain. - Yomg’ir yog’a boshlaganda u uyga arang kirib olgan edi.