O‘zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o‘rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi sog‘liqni saqlash vazirligi toshkent farmatsevtika instituti
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O‘zbek tilidagi sharhi Ingliz tilidagi sharhi Klinik farmakologiya - turli kasalliklar bilan kasallangan bemorlar fiziologik va patologik xolatlarida dori vositalari samaradorligi va xavfsizligi
- Patients with various diseases of physiological and pathological study of the characteristics of the safety and effectiveness of drugs that 423
xususiyatlarini urganuvchi va farmakoterapiyani optimallashtirishga imkon beruvchi fandir. allows you to optimize pharmacotherapy and science.
- kasallik sabablarini bartaraf kilishga yunaltirilgan davodir. Causal therapy - Focused to overcome the causes of the disease.
- kasallik rivojlanishi mexanizmlarini bartaraf kilish maksadiga karatilgan davodir
- Intended for the purpose of eliminating the mechanisms of disease development Simptomatik terapiya - kasallikni ayrim namoyon bulish belgilarini kamaytirish yoki bartaraf etishga karatilgan davodir.
- The division to show some signs of the disease, treatment aims to reduce or eliminate. Urinbosar terapiya - tabiiy biologik faol moddalarni etishmovchiligida utkaziladigan davodir.
- Natural biologically active substances, failure will continue to be held. Profilaktik terapiya - kasallik kelib chikishi va rivojlanishini oldini olishga karatilgan davo turidir Preventive therapy - Origin of the disease and the treatment aims to prevent the development of type
- dori vositalari ta‟sir mexanizmlari, ularning dozalash tamoyillari, tanlab ta‟sir kilishi
- Mechanism of action of drugs, they were influenced by the principles of the dosage can be selected,
dori vositalarining surilishi, tarkalishi, biotransformatsiyasi va chikarilishi jarayonlari
medicines shift, distribution, biotransformation processes and produced Farmakogenetika - inson organizmining dori vositalariga irsiy sezgirligi asoslari Farmakogenetika - The human body medicines genetic basis of sensitivity
– makromolekulyar tuzilmalar bulib, ma‟lum kimyoviy birikmalarga tanlangan sezgirlikka egadir
Cell receptors Makromolekulyar structures, which have a hypersensitivity to certain chemical compounds selected
amaliyotda eng kup kullaniladigan doza
the dose used most often in practice
- organizmda dori Loading dose - To achieve the most rapid 424
vositasining terapevtik konsentratsiyasiga tezkorlik bilan erishish therapeutic concentration of drug in the body Ushlab turuvchi doza - konda dori vositasining terapevtik konsentratsiyasini ushlab turuvchi doza
- Deposits to maintain the concentration of drug therapeutic dose Sutkali doza – bir sutka davomida beriladigan dori dozasi
- A daily dose of drugs given during the
– bir kurs davolanish uchun beriladigan doza
- The dose is given for a course of treatment
– dori vositasi farmakologik faolligini namoyon kilishi mumkin bulgan, minimal doza
- Drugs which can be demonstrated pharmacological activity of the minimum dose Eng yukori bir marotabali terapevtik doza – urtacha terapevtik doza terapevtik samarasi etarli bulmagan xollarda kullaniladigan dori dozasi
- The average therapeutic dose of the therapeutic effect of a sufficient dose of the drug used in cases of moderate
– urtacha terapevtik doza terapevtik samarasi etarli bulmagan xollarda sutka mobaynida kullaniladigan dori dozasi The highest daily therapeutic dose - The average therapeutic dose is sufficient therapeutic effect than a case, the dose of the drugs used during the day
– organizm uchun xavfli bulgan zaxarlanishni keltirib chikaradigan dori dozasi
- Which is dangerous for the organism zaxarlanishni produced dose of the drug Samarali doza toksikologik tadkikotlarda samara beruvchi dori dozasi;
Effective dose toxicological studies, the effective dose of the drug;
– letal okibatga olib keluvchi dori dozasi
- Lethal dose of the drug can lead to unfocused
organizmda dori vositasiga sezgirlikni oshishi
increases the sensitivity of the drug in the body,
- dori vositasini organizmda tuplanishi
- Kit of the drug in the body Tolerantlik (urganib kolish) – dori vositasining samaradorligini pasayishi
- A decrease in the effectiveness of the drug
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– LD50 ni ED50 nisbati
- LD50 ED50 ratio Terapevtik ta’sir kengligi – preparatni minimal ta‟sir kiluvchi konsentratsiyasi va uni zaxarli ta‟sir kilishi mumkin bulgan minimal konsetratsiya orasidagi interval
- A minimum of influencing the concentration and toxic effects of the drug which can be a minimum interval between processing Xayot sifati – xayot kechuvi uzgarishlarini aks ettiruvchi, uz ichiga jismoniy, ruxiy, ijtimoiy va ma‟naviy sog-salomatlik, jumladan ijtimoiy munosabatlar va funksional kobiliyatlarni oluvchi kursatgichlar majmuasi Quality of Life - Reflecting the shallows of life changes, including physical, mental, social and spiritual health of health, including social relationships, and the ability of functional complex kursatgichlar Surilish – dori vositalarining yuborish joyidan konga utish jarayoni. -Is - Medicines to displaced Congolese transition process.
– surilgan modda mikdori (% larda).
- Article proposed amount (to speak).
– dori vositasining surilishi va terapevtik samara boshlanishi tezligi. Time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) - The speed of the vehicle is at the beginning of the shift, and the therapeutic effect of the drug.
– preparatning yuborilish joyidan konga utish tezligi
- Go to the Congo sent over the speed of the drug
– preparatning yuborilish joyidan kon tomiriga, uning dozasining yarmi utishi uchun zarur bulgan vakt; Bu kursatgich absorbsiya tezligi konstantasi kursatgichiga teskari proporsionaldir (T 1/2 =
K a ). Adsorption period (T1 / 2) - Sent to the drug from the blood vessels, half of the dose necessary for Passage time; The rate of absorption of kursatgich kursatgichiga inverse proportionality constant (T1 / 2 = 0,693 / ka). Sistema oldi metabolizmi yoki birinchi utish samarasi (first pass metabolism) - surilish jarayonida jigar orkali ilk bor utishda sodir buladigan moddalar biotransformatsiyasi.
-Is The process of biotransformation in the liver through the first time be represented through those obstacles. 426
uchrashi tufayli faol moddalarga aylanib, farmakologik ta’sir kursatadilar. Prodorilar (pro- drugs) - Into the system due to meet in the metabolism of active substances are pharmacologically inactive.
– surilish jarayoni va sistema oldi metabolizmi natijasida katta kon aylanish davriga (sistemali kon aylanish), uzgarmagan va faol metabolitlar kurinishida etib borgan ichga yuborilgan dori vositasi dozasining ulushi kursatgichi. Biosingish -Is The process and the system as a result of the metabolism of blood circulation period (systemic blood circulation), is a unique and active metabolites reached the form inside a percentage of the drug dose kursatgichi.
yuborilgandan sung sistemali kon aylanishga etib borgan preparat dozasining ulushi (% larda).
After sending a vessel, the system reached the mine to become a drug dose (% gods). Nisbiy biosingish (f
yuborilgan ikki dori vositasining biosingishini takkoslash maksadida aniklanadi. Relative biosingish (f) sent to the vessel, the two drugs are determined in order to biosingishini comparison.
– preparatni vena ichiga yuborilganda xamda a’zo va tukimalarda bir zumda taksimlanganda kon plazmasida erishilishi mumkin bulgan konsentratsiyasi.
- The drug intravenously, as well as members and capable instantly taksimlanganda blood plasma concentration can be achieved. Dori vositasining kondagi maksimal (pik) konsetratsiyasi (S max ) – dori vositasining parenteral yoki peroral usul bilan yuborilgandan sung tizimli kon aylanishida erishiladigan maksimal konsentratsiyasi. Drug deposit the maximum (intense) konsetratsiyasi (mg thyroxine) After the sending of medicines for parenteral or oral method of systemic blood flow reaches the maximum concentration.
– preparatni organizmga doimiy tezlikda yuborilganda kon plazmasida erishiladigan konsentratsiyasi.
- The speed of the drug in the body constant blood plasma concentration achieved. Preparatning – preparatni kon plazmasidan The drug volume of - The drug in blood plasma 427
(V d ) tukimalaga utib ushlanib olish darajasi.
tukimalaga UTİB delay. CHikarilish (eliminatsiya) – dori vositalarining, uz ichiga ularnining neytrallanishi (biotransformatsiya yoki metabolizm) va xususan ekskretsiyasini oluvchi, organizmdan chikarilish jarayoni. Produced (eliminator) - Drugs include back their neutralized (by biotransformation or metabolism) and excretion in particular, the process of the body produced.
– preparatning organizmni biotransformatsiya va eliminatsiya tufayli tark etish tezligi.
The rate of the drug because of biotransformation in the body and the eliminator. YArim chikarish davri (T 1/2 ) – preparatning kon plazmasidagi konsentratsiyasini ikki marta kamayishi uchun kerak buladigan vakt. Production period (T1 / 2) - A decrease in plasma concentration of the drug twice a need for a short period of time.
– vakt birligi ichida buyrak, jigar va boshkalar orkali chikarilishi tufayli doridan tozalangan kon plazmasi xajmi.
The total clearance (CLT) - Time unit in the kidney, liver and others produced through the pharmaceutical clean blood plasma volume.
chikarilishi. Renal clearance (CLR) Medicines produced through the urine. Buyrakdan tashkari klirens (Cl er ) – dori vositalarini boshka yullar orkali chikarilishi (eng avvalo sapro orkali). In addition to kidney clearance (Cler) - Medicines, through other roads produced (primarily through sapro). Eliminatsiya tezligi konstantasi (K ex ) – preparatni siydik, axlat, sulak va boshkalar bilan chikarilishi tezligi. Eliminator rate constant (Kex) The drug in the urine, feces, salivary and others produced speed.
Biotransformatsiya (metabolizm) – dori vositasining fizik- kimyoviy va biokimyoviy uzgarishi bulib, bu jarayon natijasida organizmdan chikib keta olish xususiyatiga ega bulgan, kutblanuvchi, suvda eruvchan moddalar (metabolitlar) xosil buladi.
- Physico-chemical and biological medicines is a unique result of this process which are capable of forcing the body due to kutblanuvchi, water-soluble substances (metabolites) formed immediately.
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ingibitorlari – mikrosomal fermentlar faolligini pasaytiruvchi dori vositalari. Metabolic inhibitors - Medicines that reduce the activity of microsomal enzymes.
- mikrosomal fermentlar faolligini kuchaytiruvchi dori vositalari. Metabolism inducers - Medicines that intensifies the activity of microsomal enzymes.
– dori vositasining kon plazmasidagi konsentratsiyasi va uning ekskretsiyasi yuborilayotgan doza bilan aniklanadi. IPP depends on the dose of moderate or pharmacokinetics - Drug concentration in blood plasma, and disarranged the dose is sent to the motorist. Dozaga boglik bulgan yoki nochizgiy farmakokinetika – bunda dori vositasining dozasini oshirish yoki uning yuborilish tezligini uzgarishi, kon plazmasidagi uning konsentratsiyasi va ekskretsiyasi orasidagi nisbatni uzgartirishi mumkin. Or associated dose pharmacokinetics of nochizgiy - To increase the dose of the drug or the speed of the change is to be sent, you can change the ratio between the plasma concentration and excretion.
– sutka (yil) vaktiga karab aniklanadigan farmakokinetika. The time depends on the pharmacokinetics or xronofarmakokinetik a - Days (years) respectively depending on the pharmacokinetics comes to light.
– dori vositasi bir xil faol substansiya saklab, sub’ektlarga berilganda ilgari kullangan dori vositasi namoyon kilgan samara va toksiklik darajasini takrorlashini aks ettiradi.
- Confirmed that drugs have the same active substance, previously granted to subjects who demonstrated a means of drug administration to reflect the results and repeat the level of toxicity. Doriga boglanib kolish – dori vositasining kabul kilishni to‘xtatish bilan boglik bo‘lgan simptomlarni (abstinent sindrom) yo‘kotish uchun, uni kayta kabul kilish extiyoji bilan kuzatiladigan xolat.
- In connection with a drug to stop the vehicle, making the symptoms (abstinent syndrome) loss for its paper- making needs observable phenomenon.
preparatlarni kabul kilishga Toksikomaniyalar psixoaktiv (psixomimetik) studied drugs making
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o‘rganib kolish; conservation; Narkomaniyalar – narkotiklar guruxiga kiritilgan dori vositalariga (narkotiklar, barbituratlar, efedrin xosilalari) o‘rganib kolish.
Drug addiction - Medicine is included in the group of drugs (narcotics, barbiturates, ephedrine derivatives) to study conservation. Kanserogen ta’sir – dori vositalarining xavfli usmalar kelib chikishiga olib keladigan nojuya samaralari.
- Come from dangerous drugs in tumors and lead to adverse effects. Mutagen ta’sir – somatik va jinsiy xujayralarda gen mutatsiyalari va xromosoma abberatsiyalarini rivojlanishi.
- Somatic and reproductive cells, gene mutations and chromosomal abberatsiyalarini development.
75 kunida embrionning o‘lishi.
- The death of the embryo in the first 75 days of pregnancy.
– turli anomaliyalarni kelib chikishi. Teratogen ta’sirning kuyidagi guruxlari farklanadi: Teratogenic effects - Origin of the various anomalies. Teratogenic effects following groups differ:
– xomiladorlikning dastlabki 15 kunida kuzatiladigan anomaliyalar (anensefaliya); Blastopatiyalar - In the first 15 days of pregnancy observable anomalies (anensefaliya); Embriopatiyalar – xomiladorlikning dastlabki 15-75 kunida kuzatiladigan anomaliyalar (yurak poroklari, mikrotsefaliya, katarakta, tugma karlik). Embriopatiyalar - For the first 15-75 days of pregnancy observable anomalies (heart poroklari mikrotsefaliya, cataracts, congenital deafness). Fetopatiyalar – xomiladorlikning 75 kunidan so‘ng kuzatiladigan xomila rivojidagi anomaliyalar.
- The development of the fetus can be observed after 75 days of pregnancy abnormalities. Diffuziya - moddalarning konsentratsiyasi yukori bo‘lgan muxitdan past bo‘lgan muxitga passiv ravishda o‘tishi Diffusion - The concentration of substances in the atmosphere low-key high pass passive Faol transport – moddalarning bunday o‘tish usulida, ular maxsus
- Substances in such a way, they pass through the
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transport vositasi ishtirokida platsenta orkali o‘tadi. placenta, the participation of the private means of transport. Pinotsitoz moddalar o‘tishining bu turida ona plazmasi tomchilari sinsitiya mikrovorsinkalari orkali shimiladi. Pinotsitoz substances, to this type of maternal plasma drops sinsitiya through mikrovorsinkalari sticking.
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