Pardayev Jamshid 19-03 guruh talabasi, Analitik kimyo fanidan nazorat ishi I, II, III guruh kationlari nh4+

Kationlarni ochish uchun amalga oshirilgan reaksiya tenglamalari:
K⁺ kationini ochish: buning uchun maxsus(spetsefik) reaksiyadan foydalanamiz, eritmadan 1-2 tomchi olib, reagent NGNK - Na₃[Co(NO₂)₆] eritmasidan 2-3 tomchi olib tomizganimizda (pH=4-5) sariq rangli cho`kma - K<sub>2</sub>Na[Co(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>] hosil bo`ldi. Eritmada qanday anion mavjudligini bilmaganim uchun ion ko`rinishida yozaman.
To`liq ion: 2K⁺ + 3Na⁺+ [Co(NO₂)₆]^3- →K₂Na[Co(NO₂)₆]↓ + 2Na⁺
Qisqa ion: 2K⁺ + Na⁺+ [Co(NO₂)₆]^3- →K₂Na[Co(NO₂)₆]↓

Pb²⁺ kationini ochish: Dastlab 6N HCl eritmasi(guruh reagent) ta`sir ettirganimizda oq cho`kma hosil bo`ldi, bu cho`kma boshqa cho`kmalar bilan aralashgan holda bo`lganligi uchun uni ajratish uchun issiq suvda erish xususiyatidan foydalandim va KJ(reagent) eritmasi ta`sirida ‘’oltin yomg`iri’’ reaksiyasi(maxsus usul) yordamida Pb²⁺ kationi borligini aniqladim.
To`liq ion: Pb<sup>2+</sup> + 2H<sup>+</sup> + 2Cl<sup>-</sup> → PbCl<sub>2</sub>↓+ 2H<sup>+</sup>
Qisqa ion: Pb<sup>2+</sup> + 2Cl<sup>-</sup> → PbCl<sub>2</sub>↓
PbCl<sub>2</sub>↓(issiq suvda eriydi)
Molekulyar: PbCl<sub>2</sub>(issiq) + 2KJ→ PbJ<sub>2</sub>↓ + 2KCl
To`liq ion: Pb²⁺ + 2Cl^- + 2K⁺ + 2J^- → PbJ₂↓ + 2K⁺ + 2Cl^-
Qisqa ion: Pb²⁺ + 2J^- → PbJ₂↓
Ba²⁺ kationini ochish: guruh reagent H₂SO₄ eritmasidan qo`shib cho`kma holatiga o`tkaziladi, cho`kma aralash bo`lganligi uchun uni dastlab eritmaga o`tkazamiz. Cho`kma mineral kislotalarda erimaganligi uchun uni Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> ning to`yingan eritmasi bilan ishlov berganimizda mineral kislotalarda eriydigan karbonat ko`rinishiga o`tkazdim. Hosil bo`lgan cho`kmaga 2N li sirka kislota qo`shib eritmaga o`tkazdim va eritmadan oz miqdorda olib bariy kationi uchun maxsus reaksiya ya`ni buffer eritma(natriy atsetat) ishtirokida kaliy bixromat eritmasi qo`shganimda sariq rangli kristall hosil bo`ldi.
Ba<sup>2+</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → BaSO<sub>4</sub>↓+ 2H<sup>+</sup>
BaSO<sub>4</sub>↓+ Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> → BaCO<sub>3</sub>↓+ Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>
Molekulyar: BaCO<sub>3</sub>↓ + 2CH<sub>3</sub>COOH → Ba(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub>↑+ H<sub>2</sub>O
Ion: BaCO<sub>3</sub>↓ + 2CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>-</sup> + 2H<sup>+</sup> → Ba<sup>2+</sup> + 2CH<sub>3</sub>COO<sup>-</sup> + CO<sub>2</sub>↑+ H<sub>2</sub>O
Molekulyar: Ba(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub> + K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> → BaCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>↓ + 2CH<sub>3</sub>COOK
To`li ion: Ba²⁺ + 2CH₃COO^- + 2K⁺ + Cr₂O₇^2- → BaCr₂O₇↓ + 2CH₃COO^- + 2K⁺
Qisqa ion: Ba²⁺ + Cr₂O₇^2- → BaCr₂O₇↓

Qolgan jarayonlar bormaganligi uchun reaksiya tenglamalarini keltirmadim.

Izoh: Kationlarni laboratoriya o`qituvchisi berdi.