Patologiya beremennosti I platsentы eto vajnaya prichina vrojdyonnыx porokov
v rezultate vosxodyaщyego infitsirovaniya cherez rodovoy kanal (samыy chastыy variant)
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v rezultate vosxodyaщyego infitsirovaniya cherez rodovoy kanal (samыy chastыy variant); gematogennыm putem (transplatsentarno). Prakticheski vsegda eto bakterialnыye infeksii. Ochagovoye infitsirovaniye mikroorganizmami plodnыx obolochek chasto privodit k ix prejdevremennomu razrыvu i, kak sledstviye, k prejdevremennыm rodam. Amnioticheskaya jidkost mojet bыt mutnoy, s gnoynыm ekssudatom, a pri gistologicheskom issledovanii opredelyayetsya infiltratsiya neytrofilami xorionicheskoy i amnioticheskoy chastey plodnыx obolochek, soprovojdayuщayasya otekom i polnokroviyem sosudov. Infeksiya chasto vыzыvayet reaksiyu so storonы ploda v vide vaskulita sosudov pupovinы i platsentarnoy ploщadki. Izredka bakterialnaya infeksiya razvivayetsya v sluchaye gematogennogo rasprostraneniya vozbuditeley, pri etom v vorsinax platsentы vыyavlyayutsya kletki ostrogo vospaleniya (ostrыy villit). Platsentu mogut porajat i nekotorыye gematogennыye infeksii, v chastnosti gruppы TORCH (toksoplazmoz, krasnuxa, sitomegalovirusnaya i gerpeticheskaya infeksii, a takje drugiye virusnыye i bakterialnыye infeksii, naprimer sifilis). V rezultate v vorsinax platsentы poyavlyayutsya vospalitelnыye infiltratы, obыchno iz kletok xronicheskogo vospaleniya (xronicheskiy villit). Chasto prichina xronicheskogo villita ostayetsya neyasnoy, no mojet bыt svyazana s immunnыmi narusheniyami. Preeklampsiya predstavlyayet soboy sistemnыy sindrom, xarakterizuyuщiysya rasprostranennoy disfunksiyey endoteliya u beremennыx i klinicheski proyavlyayuщiysya gipertenziyey, otekami i proteinuriyey. Preeklampsiya razvivayetsya u 3-5% beremennыx, obыchno v poslednem trimestre i chaщye vo vremya pervoy beremennosti. U nekotorыx jenщin zabolevaniye protekayet boleye serezno s razvitiyem sudorog. Takuyu tyajeluyu formu bolezni nazыvayut eklampsiyey. Drugimi oslojneniyami sistemnoy endotelialnoy disfunksii yavlyayutsya giperkoagulyatsiya, ostraya pochechnaya nedostatochnost i otek legkix. U ~ 10% jenщin s tyajeloy preeklampsiyey proisxodit gemoliz, povыshayetsya uroven pechenochnыx fermentov i snijayetsya uroven trombotsitov, chto nazыvayut HELLP-sindromom. Preeklampsiyu neobxodimo otlichat ot gipertenzii beremennыx, kotoraya takje nablyudayetsya vo vremya beremennosti, no ne soprovojdayetsya proteinuriyey. Morfologiya. V platsente obnarujivayut razlichnыye mikroskopicheskiye izmeneniya, bolshinstvo iz kotorыx yavlyayutsya sledstviyem narusheniya perfuzii, ishemii i sosudistыx rasstroystv. Eto mogut bыt: infarktы platsentы, zanimayuщiye bolshuyu ploщad i mnojestvennыye (melkiye perifericheskiye infarktы platsentы vozmojnы i pri normalnoy, donoshennoy beremennosti). Takje prisutstvuyut priznaki ishemicheskix izmeneniy v vorsinax xoriona i trofoblaste: uvelicheniye kolichestva sinsitialnыx uzelkov i uskorennoye sozrevaniye vorsinchatogo dereva; Download 432.07 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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