Persian literary influence on english literature
Download 139.64 Kb. Pdf ko'rish
|
DiyoraPersian Literary influence on Eng.Lit.pages-747-748
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Annotation.
- Onomastic realities: linguoculturological and pragmatic aspects. M.F.Muhammadova The student of faculty of preschool and primary education, BSU
PERSIAN LITERARY INFLUENCE ON ENGLISH LITERATURE N.N. Khayrullayeva English literature Department, BSU Abduvosiyeva Diyora 1 st course student of Foreign Languages Faculty Annotation. This article analyzes the impact of classical Persian literature on the English literature. Furthermore, the English translation of the masterpieces by Persian literary representatives such as Hafiz Sherozi, Abdurahman Jami, Omar Khayyam contributed to English literature significantly. It is also interpreted that oriental themes identified in the source language are succesfully transformed into the English language.
It is clear that the masterpieces of Persian classical literature lives on into the 21st century through the continued publication of the translations in book forms. The influence of Persian literature in Western culture is historically significant. It reviews some early images of Persian language and literature in Europe, at least as they were perceived by British authors. Persian and oriental studies commenced in Europe in the early eighteenth century with Antoine Galland’s translation of Les Milles et une Nuits (1704-17). Galland’s translation first brought the east before the eyes of French readers. The French version was immediately translated anonymously into English. The introduction of the Arabian Nights was the starting point, according to Martha P. Conant, for the reception of eastern literature and culture in the west. The great success of Galland’s translation, for example, gave rise to numerous imitations, such as The Persian Tales (1710), The Tales of the Geni (1964) by the Reverend James Ridley, Persian Eclogues by William Collins (1742), Rasselas by Samuel Johnson (1759) and Vathek (1786) by William Beckford. These tales, apart from the interest of their stories, gave European readers the opportunity of “knowing” the customs and ceremonies of “the orient” without taking the trouble to travel to the far east. The introduction of the Arabian Nights, “full of the life, the colour, and the glamour of the East . . . naturally opened a new chapter in the history of oriental fiction in England.” English translations of these tales were made by Edward Lane in 1840 and by Sir Richard Burton in 1885-88. The repeated editions of the Arabian Nights (eighteen editions by 1793) show its great popularity in the eighteenth century. These stories, entertaining because of their exoticism as well as their tales of mystery and magic, stimulated the desire for the publication of more like them. Publication of Samuel Johnson’s Rasselas in 1759 paved the way for the hugely popular of Vathek (1786) and, eventually, FitzGerald’s Rubaiyat in 1859. The theme of Rasselas is often compared by critics to that of Johnson’s poem “The Vanity of Human Wishes.” Here the ancient theme of “vanity” was certainly given a new lease of life through oriental studies, and indeed linked with the orient. [1] Byron owed his first impression of Oriental literature mostly to Jones’s Grammar and Beckford’s Vathek. Before embarking on his Mediterranean voyage and producing the Turkish Tales, he knew of the well-known Persian poets through Jones’s writings. In his Journal in 1807, Byron mentions Hafiz, Sa‘di, and Ferdowsi. In Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, he compares Hafiz to Anacreon, a famous Roman lyric poet of love and wine: Love conquers Age – so Hafiz hath averr’d, sings the Teian, and he sings in sooth. (Canto II, 63) [2] Byron increased the oriental colouring of his tales by making a more correct use of eastern terms. What distinguishes the Oriental atmosphere of Byron’s writings, besides the Oriental names, is his usage of common eastern images and references to Persian and Islamic culture in such terms as “mosque”, “muézzin”, and “minaret” in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: Hark! from the Mosque the nightly solemn sound,
“There is no god but God! – to prayer – lo! God is great!” (Canto II, 59) [2] Abol-Qásem Ferdowsi (933-1020) another the greatest of Persian epic poets from Tûs (Khorásan), is famous solely for his Sháh-Námeh (“Book of Kings”). The Sháh-Námeh contains over 60,000 couplets. It is about the mythical and legendary Persian kings and heroes up to the Arab conquest in the seventh century. The whole poem covers a period of three thousand years in fifty chapters covering fifty reigns from king Kayûmarth, the first legendary king, to Yazdgerd III, the last historical king, who lost his throne to the Arabs. The tragic story of Sohráb and Rustum, familiar to readers of English poetry through Matthew Arnold’s poem, originated with Ferdowsi. Through the Sháh-Námeh, Ferdowsi succeeded in immortalising the glory and identity of the Persians during 3000 years of conflict and strife. Ferdowsi was the first great writer of Iran, after the invasion of the Arabs and neglect of the national thoughts and works, to remind the Persians of their own history. Through this work Ferdowsi revived the Persian language just as it seemed that Arabic was about to replace it. [3] Edward FitzGerald also contributed to the popularity of Persian masterpieces in Britain. Abdul Rahman Jami (1414-1492) is the greatest writer of romance in Persian literature whose immortal works FitzGerald studied deep enough to introduce his treasure to English readers. Of these poems, three are didactic, three romantic, and one historical, dealing with the story of Alexander the Great. Jami`s three romantic epics are Salаmаn and Absal (1480), Yusеf and Zolaykhа (1483) and Layli and Majnun (1484). The first romance, as we will see, was translated and published in a free and abridged form by FitzGerald. The story of the Yusef and Zolaykha is based on the story of Joseph and Potiphar’s wife related in Chapter XII’ of the Koran. This became the most popular story in the book, which was published with a German verse translation by Rosenweigh in 1824. Omar Khayyam was the great interest of Edward Fitzgerald. He is best known for his poetry, and outside Iran, for the quatrains (rubaiyaas) in Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, popularized through Edward Fitzgerald's re-created translation. FitzGerald studied two different collections of quatrains attributed to Omar Khayyám to create his first edition of the Rubáiyát: the Ouseley Manuscript, No. 140 in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, dated 1460 (A. H. 865) with 158 quatrains; and the Calcutta Manuscript, No. 1548 in the Bengal Asiatic Society’s Library at Calcutta, containing 516 quatrains. [4] The dominant theme is the brevity of life: the dropping of rose-leaves, the quick passing of spring and youth and all that is dear and good. Faced with the brevity of life, the speaker’s doctrine of “eat, drink, and be merry” seems to make sense. Thus, the introduction of Persian classical literature into the west, mainly to the British literature is a vital contribution. They seem to have no barrier through the ages despite the language, cultural and ethnical differences.
1. Conant Martha P. The Oriental Tales in England in the Eighteenth Century Columbia: Columbia UP, 1976. – P.145 2. Jerome J. Mc Gann. The Complete Poetical Works. Oxford: Claredon Press, 1981. –P. 63. 3. Jones William. A Grammar of the Persian Langauge. London: J. Richardson, 1775. – P.87. 4. Parasad Singh. His Mind and Art, diss. New Delhi: S. Chand, 1982. –P. 55. Onomastic realities: linguoculturological and pragmatic aspects. M.F.Muhammadova The student of faculty of preschool and primary education, BSU Abstract.Onomastic material has a huge cultural potential. In aspects of linguoculturological and pragmatic information, onomastics, however, has been completely studied. As rightly noted Document Outline
Download 139.64 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling