Phonetics vs

##	Number of Different Features	Opposition	Common Feature(s)	Differentiating Feature(s)
Examples
1	1	Single	Occlusive Labial	Fortis	pen
				Lenis	ben
2	2	Double	Occlusive	Fortis	pen
				Labial
				Lenis	den
				Lingual
3	3	Triple	Noise	Fortis	pen
				Labial
				Occlusive
				Lenis	then
				Lingual (dental)
				Constrictive

(For more details see: Sokolova & others, 2004 : 57-58).

Thus we may that any language exists in its sounds and to master some foreign language we must know not only the orthography, but we must be able to recognize these sounds in connected speech and be able to reproduce these sounds correctly in order to contribute to the process of communication. To acquire this ability we must know the articulation of the sounds (articulatory phonetics), their acoustic properties (acoustic phonetics), their auditory features (auditory phonetics), and their phonological properties – their position; distribution, variation and how they are contrasted in speech – functional phonetics or phonology.

Note: It has been pointed out in the beginning of this essay that speaking about methods of phonetics we understand the latter one in terms of Russian/Soviet school. If we set phonetics and phonology completely apart from each other (as most Western researchers do) we need to exclude the method(s) of phonological analysis from the sphere of phonetics.

REFERENCES

1. 
   Akhmanova, 1966: Ахманова О.С. Словарь лингвистических терминов. М., 1966. – 607 с.
   
2. 
   Arakin, 1979: Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского языков. Л., 1979. – 259 c.
   
3. 
   Bondarko, 1977: Бондарко Л.В. Звуковой строй современного русского языка. М., 1977. – 175 с.
   
4. 
   Brown, 1984: Brown G. Listening to Spoken English. Moscow, 1984. – 171 p.
   
5. 
   Cook, 2000: Cook A. American Accent Training. Barron’s, 2^nd edition.
   

NY, 2000. – 198 p.

6. 
   Crystal, 2007: Crystal D. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford, 2007. – 508 p.
   
7. 
   Dickushina, 1965: Dickushina O.J. English Phonetics.
   

Moscow-Leningrad, 1965. – 202 p.

8. 
   Fant, 1964: Фант Г. Акустическая теория речеобразования.
   

M., 1964. – 284 с.

9.