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Indefinite pronoun


Indefinite pronoun
Plan:

  1. Antonyms

  2. Etymology

  3. Adverb

  4. Determiner

An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that refers to one or more unspecified beings, objects, or places.

English
Etymology


Middle English litel < Old English lȳtel, from West Germanic *lutila-. Cognate with Dutch luttel, German lützel, West Frisian lyts, Low Saxon lütt, Old High German luzzil, Middle High German lützel, Old English lūtan; and perhaps to Old English lytig (“deceitful, lot deceit”), Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐍃 (liuts, “deceitful”), 𐌻𐌿𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lutjan, “to deceive”); compare also Icelandic lítill (“little”), Swedish liten, Danish liden, lille, Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌻𐍃 (leitils), which appear to have a different root vowel. More at lout.


Pronunciation
little (comparative less, lesser or littler, superlative least or littlest)
Small in size.
This is a little table.
Insignificant, trivial.
It's of little importance.
Very young.
Did he tell you any embarrassing stories about when she was little?
That's the biggest little kid I've ever seen.
(of a sibling) Younger.
This is my little sister.
Used with the name of place, especially of a country, to denote a neighborhood whose residents or storekeepers are from that place.
Antonyms
(small): large, big
(young): big
(younger): big
muchEnglish
Etymology

From Middle English muche (“much, great”), apocopated variant of muchel (“much, great”), from Old English myċel, miċel (“large, great, much”), from Proto-Germanic *mikilaz, *mikō (“great, many, much”), from Proto-Indo-European *meg'a- (“big, stour, great”). Cognate with Middle Dutch mēkel (“great, many, much”), Middle High German michel (“great, many, much”), Norwegian mye, mykjet (“much”), Swedish mycket (“much”), Danish meget (“much”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍃 (mikils, “great, many”). See also mickle.


Note that English much is not related to Spanish mucho, and their resemblance in both form and meaning is purely coincidental, as mucho derives from Latin multus and is not related to the Germanic forms. True cognates include Ancient Greek μέγας (mégas), Modern Greek μεγάλος (megálos).


[edit]
Pronunciation
IPA: /mʌtʃ/, SAMPA: /mVtS/
Audio (US)
(file)
Rhymes: -ʌtʃ
Adverb

much (comparative more, superlative most)


To a great extent.
I don't like fish much.
He is much fatter than I remember him.
Often; frequently.
Does he get drunk much?
Usage notes
As a verb modifier in positive contexts, much must be modified by another adverb: I like fish very much, I like fish so much, etc. but not *I like fish much.
As a comparative intensifier, many can be used instead of much if it modifies the comparative form of many, i.e. more with a countable noun: many more people but much more snow.
[edit]
Synonyms
(to a great extent): (informal) a great deal, (informal) a lot, greatly, highly, (informal) loads, plenty (slang, especially US), very much
Antonyms
(to a great extent): less, little, few
Few
English
Etymology

From Middle English fewe (“few”), from Old English fēawa, fēawe, fēa (“few”), from Proto-Germanic *fawaz, *fawa- (“few”), from Proto-Indo-European *paw- (“few, small”). Cognate with Old Saxon fā (“few”), Old High German fao, fō (“few, little”), Old Norse fár (“few”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌹 (fawai, “few”), Latin paucus (“little, few”). More at poor.


Pronunciation
(UK) IPA: /fjuː/, SAMPA: /fju:/
(US) IPA: /fju/, SAMPA: /fju/
Audio (US)
(file)
Audio (UK)
(file)
Rhymes: -uː
Determiner

few (comparative fewer, superlative fewest)


(preceded by another determiner) An indefinite, but usually small, number of.
I was expecting lots of people at the party, but very few (=almost none) turned up.
Quite a few of them (=many of them) were pleasantly surprised.
I don't know how many drinks I've had, but I've had a few. [This usage is likely ironic.]
(used alone) Not many; a small (in comparison with another number stated or implied) but somewhat indefinite number of.
There are few people who understand quantum theory.
Many are called, but few are chosen.
(meteorology, of clouds) (US?) Obscuring one eighth to two eighths of the sky.
Tonight.. A few clouds. Increasing cloudiness overnight.
NOAA definition of the term "few clouds": An official sky cover classification for aviation weather observations, descriptive of a sky cover of 1/8 to 2/8. This is applied only when obscuring phenomenon aloft are present--that is, not when obscuring phenomenon are surface-based, such as fog.
(meteorology, of rainfall with regard to a location) (US?) Having a 10 percent chance of measurable precipitation (0.01 inch); used interchangeably with isolated.
Usage notes
Few is used with plural nouns only; its synonymous counterpart little is used with uncountable nouns.
Few is grammatically affirmative but semantically negative, and it can license negative polarity items. For example, lift a finger usually cannot be used in affirmative sentences, but can be used in sentences with few.
He didn't lift a finger to help us.
*He lifted a finger to help us. (ungrammatical)
Few people lifted a finger to help us.
*A few people lifted a finger to help us. (ungrammatical)
Many
English
From Old English maniġ, moniġ, from Proto-Germanic *manago- from Proto-Indo-European *monogʰo-. Cognates include West Frisian mannich, Dutch menig, German manch; and Russian многий (mnógij), Scottish Gaelic minig.
Pronunciation
(UK) IPA: /ˈmɛnɪ/, SAMPA: /"mEnI/
(US) IPA: /ˈmɛni/, SAMPA: /"mEni/
Audio (US)
(file)
Audio (UK)
(file)
Rhymes: -ɛni
(Ireland) IPA: /ˈmæni/, SAMPA: /"m{ni/
Hyphenation: man‧y
Determiner

many (comparative more, superlative most)


An indefinite large number of.
Many people enjoy using dictionaries
There are many different ways to define a word
Antonyms
Few
Any
English
Etymology

Old English æniġ.


Pronunciation
any (not comparable)
To even the slightest extent, at all.
I will not remain here any longer.
If you get any taller, you'll start having to duck through doorways!
[quotations ▼]
Determiner

any
(Can we clean up(+) this sense?) A guaranteed selection from (a set). At least one, sometimes more (of a set).


Choose any items you want.
Any person may apply.
(With negative:) I haven't got any money.
It won't do you any good.
Some
English
Etymology

From Middle English, from Old English sum (“some, a certain one”), from Proto-Germanic *sumaz (“some, a certain one”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one, whole”). Cognate with Old Frisian sum (West Frisian sommige, somlike, “some”), Old Saxon sum (Dutch sommige, “some”), Middle High German sum (German dialectal summige, “some”), Danish somme (“some”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌼𐍃 (sums, “one, someone”). More at same.


Pronunciation
Homophones: sum
Pronoun

some
A certain number, at least one.


Some enjoy spicy food, others prefer it milder.
An indefinite quantity.
Can I have some of them?
An indefinite amount, a part.
Please give me some of the cake.
Everyone is wrong some of the time.
Synonyms
a few
Antonyms
many
much
noneDeterminer

some
A certain proportion of, at least one.


Some people like camping.
An unspecified quantity or number of.
Would you like some grapes?
An unspecified amount of (something uncountable).
Would you like some water?
A certain, an unspecified or unknown.
I've just met some guy who said he knew you.
The sequence S converges to zero for some initial value v.
A considerable quantity or number of.
He had edited the paper for some years.
(informal) a remarkable.
He is some acrobat!
Synonyms
a few
Antonyms
many
much
no
Derived terms
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