Plan: Chemistry and its tasks

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Plan:

1. Chemistry and its tasks.

2. The history of the development of chemistry.

3.Contributions of chemical scientists of Uzbekistan to the science of chemistry.

1. Chemistry is a science that studies substances, properties of substances and their interaction with each other. Chemistry is a science that studies the laws of their transformation from one type to another, as well as the properties of substances, based on the fact that all creatures in nature are composed of various chemical substances. The subject of chemistry is all natural and synthetic substances. Earth, water, air, celestial bodies in nature, all animate and inanimate creatures, household items used in daily life, food products, in general, the whole existence around us are made of chemicals. Substances are compounds formed as a result of the combination of 118 known elements in one way or another. Chemistry studies the properties of substances produced as a result of chemical changes throughout existence, determines ways of their use, and directly participates in the discovery of substances important to mankind. Polyethylene, plastics, pharmaceuticals, kapron, nylon fibers, many spare parts of automobiles and other technical equipment are synthetic chemicals, which do not exist in nature and are produced by synthetic means. Natural and synthetic chemicals are widely used in the preparation of artificial organs, medicines, food products, clothes, various household appliances, construction materials, etc. for the human body using chemical methods. All this is done by studying the physical and chemical properties of substances. Therefore, studying the chemical and physical properties of substances is one of the main tasks of chemistry. Since it is impossible to imagine life without chemistry, to understand the nature of the changes taking place around us, it is necessary to know the substances and the laws of their chemical changes.

2. Humanity has been using chemical substances and their changes for their needs since ancient times. In China, Egypt, Central Asia, they used chemical substances and phenomena widely in the fight against agricultural pests, in the production of various paints, in the construction of architectural monuments, and in the preparation of clothes. Our great ancestors Ahmad al-Farghani, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya ar-Razi, Abu Nasr Farabi, Abu Rayhan Beruni, Abu Ali ibn Sina, who are known to the world, in their scientific works from chemical substances to the needs of life and the treatment of various diseases in the 8th-10th centuries. who provided valuable preliminary information on the ways of use. Abu Ali ibn Sina defined the law of constancy of composition by defining the presence of medicinal substances in a certain composition, The fact that he laid the foundation for the formation of the initial concepts of atomic-molecular science by classifying them into simple and complex drugs indicates that the history of dealing with chemical knowledge in our country has deep roots. By the Middle Ages, the development in Europe was also reflected in the field of chemistry. In the 17th century, the German scientist G. Stahl created the theory of phlogiston. In the 18th century, the Russian scientist M. Lomonosov developed the concepts of the atomic-molecular theory by stating his ideas about the elements and corpuscles of matter. French scientist A. Lavoisier created scientific theories about combustion and oxidation processes. The English scientist J. Dalton explained the foundations of the atomistic theory based on his experiments, and in 1869, the Russian scientist D. Mendeleev successfully classified the chemical elements known up to that time and created the Periodic Table of Elements. During this period, the Russian scientist A. Butlerov explained the basics of the theory of the structure of organic substances. G. Devi, N. Bor, M. Swet, E. Frankland, A. Kekule, V. Markovnikov, M. Faraday, Sh. Viurs, Gay-Lussac, S. Arrenius, E. Rutherford, M. Skladov skaya-Curie, P. Curie, N. Zelinsky, N. Zinin, M. Kucherov, A. Favorsky, P. Shorigin, N. Semyonov, A. Nesmeyanov, N. Kochetkova, V. Sergeyev, I. Azer Bayev, A. Quatbekov, O. Sodikov, S. Yu nu sov, H. Usmonov, M. Nabiyev, H. Oripov, S. Sobirov, Q. Uteniyazov and other famous scientists contributed. By the end of the 20th century, the science of chemistry developed more rapidly. Periodic table of elements created. During this period, the Russian scientist A. Butlerov explained the basics of the theory of the structure of organic substances. G. Devi, N. Bor, M. Swet, E. Frankland, A. Kekule, V. Markovnikov, M. Faraday, Sh. Viurs, Gay-Lussac, S. Arrenius, E. Rutherford, M. Skladov skaya-Curie, P. Curie, N. Zelinsky, N. Zinin, M. Kucherov, A. Favorsky, P. Shorigin, N. Semyonov, A. Nesmeyanov, N. Kochetkova, V. Sergeyev, I. Azer Bayev, A. Quatbekov, O. Sodikov, S. Yu nu sov, H. Usmonov, M. Nabiyev, H. Oripov, S. Sobirov, Q. Uteniyazov and other famous scientists contributed. By the end of the 20th century, the science of chemistry developed more rapidly. Periodic table of elements created. During this period, the Russian scientist A. Butlerov explained the basics of the theory of the structure of organic substances. G. Devi, N. Bor, M. Swet, E. Frankland, A. Kekule, V. Markovnikov, M. Faraday, Sh. Viurs, Gay-Lussac, S. Arrenius, E. Rutherford, M. Skladov skaya-Curie, P. Curie, N. Zelinsky, N. Zinin, M. Kucherov, A. Favorsky, P. Shorigin, N. Semyonov, A. Nesmeyanov, N. Kochetkova, V. Sergeyev, I. Azer Bayev, A. Quatbekov, O. Sodikov, S. Yu nu sov, H. Usmonov, M. Nabiyev, H. Oripov, S. Sobirov, Q. Uteniyazov and other famous scientists contributed. By the end of the 20th century, the science of chemistry developed more rapidly. Vyurs, Gay-Lussac, S. Arrhenius, E. Reser ford, M. Skladovskaya-Curie, P. Curie, N. Zelinsky, N. Zinin, M. Kucherov, A. Favorsky, P. Shorigin, N. Semyonov, A. Nesmeyanov, N. Kochetkova, V. Sergeyev, I. Azerbayev, A. Quatbekov, O. Sodikov, S. Yu nu sov, H. Usmonov, M. Nabiyev, Kh. Oripov, S. Sobirov, Q. Uteniyazov and other famous scientists contributed. By the end of the 20th century, the science of chemistry developed more rapidly. Vyurs, Gay-Lussac, S. Arrhenius, E. Reser ford, M. Skladovskaya-Curie, P. Curie, N. Zelinsky, N. Zinin, M. Kucherov, A. Favorsky, P. Shorigin, N. Semyonov, A. Nesmeyanov, N. Kochetkova, V. Sergeyev, I. Azerbayev, A. Quatbekov, O. Sodikov, S. Yu nu sov, H. Usmonov, M. Nabiyev, Kh. Oripov, S. Sobirov, Q. Uteniyazov and other famous scientists contributed. By the end of the 20th century, the science of chemistry developed more rapidly.
3. After Uzbekistan gained its independence in 1991, great opportunities were opened for the development of chemical science and chemical industry. As a result, as a result of the opening of Mingbuloq, Kokdumaloq, Shu'rtan and other oil and gas fields and the development of the chemical industry based on them, opportunities were created to export oil and oil products to foreign countries, along with stopping the importation of oil and oil products in Uzbekistan. Also, the production of dozens of chemical products that are valuable for industry has been launched through the rational use of underground mineral reserves. "Damas", "Spark", "Nexia", "Matiz", "Lasetti", "Epica", "Captiva", "Malibu", "Cobalt", "Orlando" produced in Asaka and "Otayo" produced in Samarkand "l", Dozens of spare parts for MAN cars, tractors and airplanes produced in Tashkent are synthetic chemical products. The fact that all of them are being prepared in Uzbe is one of the results of the achievements of chemistry. Well-known chemical scientists of our country - KS Ahmedov, NA Parpiyev, Sh.I. Salihov, NR Yusupbekov, MA Askarov, SN Nematov, AA Ab du Vahabov, ZS Salimov, S.Sh. Rashidova, MO Obidova, TM Mir Komilov, BM Beglov, SI Iskandarov, XR Rustamov, YT Toshpolatov, Sh.T. To lipov, HA Aslanov, AR Abdurasulova, AG'. Mahsumov, HM Sho Hidayatov, RS Tillayev, AS Torayev, O'.N. Musayev, DY Yusupov, SMTuropjonov, JMMahkamov, UMAzizov, MPIrismetov, TS Sir liboyev, AA Yolchiboyev, AG Muftakhov, QA Ahmerov, II Ismoilov, G'.H.
OS Sodikov (1913–1987). Academician of UzFA, doctor of chemical sciences, professor. He has more than 600 scientific articles, more than 100 inventions. In 1985, he was awarded a gold medal named after DI Mendeleev for his work on the results of complex chemical analysis of substances extracted from cotton. He was awarded the title of "Hero of Labor". He founded the Institute of Bio-Organic Chemistry of UzFA. Uzbek scientist included in the book of world-famous chemist scientists.