Plan: The human factor

Theme: A Plant and a nature

Plan:

1. The human factor;

2. The nature factor;

3. The relationship between nature and man.

Nature is an existence that exists both before the appearance of man and with the participation of man. In general, this is the world, man, universe; micromacromegaworlds; inanimate and animate. In the narrow sense, it is an object studied by natural sciences. Nature is subject to laws independent of people and society. Man is a part of nature. Man cannot change the laws of nature, he can only master the elements and parts of nature using the laws. The concept of nature is also considered as a set of natural conditions for the existence of human society. Humans work for a living, and work (eg, farming, construction, industry), brain activity, and others change some aspects of nature. Material wealth created by a person, that is, in the process of social labor, is conditionally called "second nature". For example, 92 chemical elements from hydrogen to uranium are naturally occurring, and those discovered later are artificial. All man-made synthetic chemical compounds, man-made atomic and nuclear energies are "second nature".The term nature in a broad sense means the physical, material world. In everyday life, the word "nature" refers to the environment and the life in it (wild nature) that is not heavily influenced by humans. In the first case, nature is studied by science in general, and in the second case by natural science. In this, nature is seen from subatomic to galactic scales.Man's attitude to nature has changed and developed throughout history. In ancient philosophy, nature was viewed as spontaneous forces (Democritus), vision of the ideal world (Plato), harmonious process (Pythagoras), perfection (Aristotle). In religious teachings, nature is considered to be the material embodiment of spiritual origin, and it is understood that God is above nature. During the Renaissance, nature was viewed as the manifestation of all natural harmony and perfection. In the new era, the attitude towards nature played a major role in the transformation of nature into an object of scientific study.A natural object is a substance, matter that exists in space and time. They consist of a set of infinite known things (elementary particles, antiparticles, sand, rock, soil, water, air, inanimate and living beings, planets, stars, galaxies and other heavenly bodies, physical fields). Once upon a time (according to the latest scientific data, 20 billion years ago), these bodies had a different appearance. It will change again in the next billion years. Nature is the homeland of man and society. Human life depends on the harmonious conditions of nature and biosphere. If these conditions are changed in a negative way, the normal life of a person will be damaged, environmental problems will appear. Improper use of scientific and technical achievements leads to the destruction of the biosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly understand nature, use it effectively, treat it correctly and rationally (see Nature protection). Science has become the main factor in this attitude of man to nature. Human activity is becoming more active on Earth and in space. A wider and deeper knowledge of the events taking place in the distant regions of the universe (eg, metagalaxies) expands our understanding of nature. Omonulpa Faizullayev. may our country be cleanNature is the whole existence (universe) that surrounds us, it is the source of meeting the material and spiritual needs of people. A person is a living organism, an individual, performing complex social and labor activities. It is the basis of material and spiritual-cultural development of society. Natural resources and their importance for people. Man is forced to use natural resources to meet his daily needs. Natural resources can be divided into five main groups: mineral, climatic, water, land and biological resources. Ore and non-ore mineral organics are necessary for the population to live. It is difficult to imagine the socio-economic development of society without them. Ore minerals include iron, copper, diamonds, gold, uranium, etc., and non-ore minerals include sulfur, oil, gas, phosphorite, etc. The importance of climatic resources to meet human demand for recreational resources and especially for agricultural products is immeasurable. That is why people have settled in regions with favorable natural and climatic conditions since ancient times. Water is the most used natural resource in the economy. Folk proverbs "where there is water, there is life", "where there is no water, life ends" indicate that water is an invaluable mineral resource. In the development of agriculture, fertile land is of great importance. Increasing soil fertility is one of the important measures in meeting the population's need for food products. The fauna and flora of a certain area constitute biological resources. The most important feature of these assets is their reproducibility. They can also be transplanted and propagated to continents that are very far apart. For example, corn, potatoes, tomatoes, sweet and spicy garmdori, cocoa, beans, pumpkins, and pineapples were brought from America to Eurasia and Africa. On the contrary, horses, cows, sheep, chickens, bees, coffee, wheat, rice, barley, cabbage, turnips, and pears were brought to the American continent. Natural complexes are divided into three groups according to the level of human influence:
1. Natural landscapes. 2. Natural-anthropogenic landscapes. 3. Anthropogenic landscapes.
By natural landscapes we understand the landscape of areas not used by humans. Permanent glaciers in Antarctica, the Arctic Ocean, islands, mountains, deserts, and dense forests are typical examples of them. Natural-anthropogenic landscapes are also called intermediate landscapes. Such landscapes are between natural and anthropogenic landscapes. Meadows, wet lands are natural and anthropogenic landscapes. Anthropogenic landscapes are natural landscapes that have changed under the influence of human economic activities and are widespread on the Earth's surface. Settlements - villages and cities are typical examples of anthropogenic landscapes. The urban landscape began to form as a "fortress-city" and "city-state" 5-4 thousand years ago. In order to protect nature and natural resources, nature reserves, reserves, and national parks are established. Endangered flora and fauna are included in the "Red Book" and are protected separately. Such measures serve to protect the nature of our common home, the Earth, and the health of peopleToday, we all have a very important task. This is to preserve nature for the present and future generations, to protect it from new dangerous projects that will further complicate the living conditions and opportunities for the people of our region and other regions to use nature. In this regard, life itself required the organization of a mass ecological movement in Uzbekistan. Taking into account the aspirations of our people, this movement actively cooperates with international environmental organizations to preserve nature and protect the environment.Taking into account that the struggle for ecology and environmental purity is equally relevant for all countries and peoples of the Earth, this cooperation, which is becoming more and more extensive and diverse in this regard, is extremely important. we think that At this conference, in cooperation with influential and experienced environmental organizations, experts, analysts, following the relevant UN Conventions, practical proposals will be developed aimed at preventing the implementation of new dangerous projects that will go beyond the framework of the Central Asian region and lead to disastrous consequences. , I believe. I am sure that your suggestions and voice will be taken into account by international financial institutions, organizations and other interested bodies that play an important role in protecting the present and future generations from the difficult fate of living in an ecologically destructive area. There are places on our planet that can be compared to heaven on earth. One of these corners, which includes beautiful and unique natural landscapes, from the mysterious sunset, is located in the Atlantic Ocean. This is the island of Tenerife, a part of Spain. Tenerife is not called the island of eternal spring for nothing. The climate is similar. The air neither cools nor warms. Teide volcano, which has already faded, gave the island a strange beauty. Due to favorable weather conditions, 1200 species of flora and more than 109 species of fauna live here. However, there are almost no poisonous snakes and insects in Tenerife. This allows tourists to walk around the island and enjoy the scenery to their heart's content. Another thing that made the island famous in the world is the Loro Park located in its lap. This green oasis combines three in one - an amazing zoo, a dolphinarium and a huge aquarium.Loro Park was founded in 1972 by Wolfgang Kissling, and the complex serves 1,500,000 visitors annually. The main road leading to the park passes through a village built in the Thai style. Each of the six houses is made of wood, and the roof is made of real gold. It is said that these houses impressed even the Queen of Thailand who recently visited the island.It is no exaggeration to say that the park got the name "Loro" because of its collection of antique parrots. When translated from Spanish, "loro" means "parrot". Not all of the more than 3,500 parrots are caged. Most of them are outdoors, and some of them participate in various entertainment shows as actors. One such show is "Baby station" intended for children, in which parrots feed small birds with spoons. In addition, the largest penguinarium in the world is located on the territory of the park. "Penguin Planet" is home to 180 birds of this type. Every day, 12 tons of artificial snow is thrown from a special cannon on the area where they live. This gives the penguins a little taste of the Antarctic air, creating favorable conditions for their living and reproduction. The area where the penguins live is surrounded by glass, and the spectators can observe the agile and cheerful behavior of the birds through a moving walkway. More than 15,000 aquatic animals from all over the world live in the park's huge aquarium. You will also find 40 species of living corals and tropical fish in the sparkling water world. The amazing tunnel in the aquarium attracts tourists. It is from here that you can see predatory sharks up close. While the animals are swimming right over your head, you can see their invisible microscopic teeth. The show of sea lions and dolphins is the most popular entertainment program of the park, and the show is held in a pool with a capacity of 1,200,000 liters of water. A few years ago, 6 gorillas from different parts of the world were brought to the zoo of Loro Park. Under this pretext, the territory of the park was expanded, and chimpanzees, tigers, jaguars, cranes, flamingos, crocodiles and huge turtles took their place in its bosom. The botanical garden, which has no equal in the world, occupies an area of 135,000 square meters of Loro Park. Various exotic plants, cacti and more than 7,000 palm trees are being cared for in the garden. In addition, the unique collection of orchids in the garden, the avenue of dragon trees and the grove in the old part of the park will not leave anyone indifferent. Adventure lovers will definitely not be bored in Tenerife. Because the island has enough conditions and facilities for them. Take, for example, the world-famous Pyramids of Guanchi. These pyramids still continue to amaze mankind. Only stones were used in the construction of the structure. The reason is that at that time tools were mainly made of stone. Guanchi did not know what iron was then. Nevertheless, the buildings they built were distinguished by their solidity and strength. Eternal Spring Island has many interconnected narrow streets, crowded squares and markets, traditional wooden houses and churches, and many attractions. It is said that Loro alone needed a day to go around the park. This is the real reason why adventure lovers who know this visit the island not once but several times. To help the development of biogas technologies in Uzbekistan.Despite the fact that there is a centralized electricity network in Uzbekistan, it often does not reach rural areas. More than 60% of the population of Uzbekistan lives in rural areas, almost 30.5% of them are poor. Improper supply of energy has a negative impact on the local population's earning potential. Uzbekistan has fossil resources such as natural gas, oil and coal. As the country's natural gas resources are depleted, there is a demand for alternative energy sources. In addition to activities in the field of developing the use of solar energy, BMTRD is also studying the possibilities of using biomass energy.The main goal of the project is to create the first biogas plant on a local farm and test it in practice. It demonstrates the practical benefits and benefits of using biomass energy in small and medium farms.The result of the installation of the biogas plant is the complete or partial replacement of natural gas energy with biogas energy for heating the greenhouse on the farm. In addition, residual products can be a source of additional income (fertilizer) for the farmer. As a result of the project, the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere will decrease due to the replacement of fossil energy with clean energy. This contributes to the spread of awareness and information about biogas technologies among users (farmers) and producers. The results of the research on the possibilities of using biogas energy in Uzbekistan will help to develop the Government's policy in the field of renewable energy and will contribute as an educational example for the National Strategy on Renewable Energy in Uzbekistan. The implementation plan of the project "Development of an integrated national program for the rational management of chemical substances and implementation of a strategic approach to the international management of chemical substances in the Republic of Uzbekistan" by the State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan on November 29 of this year in Tashkent In accordance with this, a seminar was organized on the topic "Strategic approach to the international management of chemical substances. Preparation of a national profile in Uzbekistan". Specialists in the field of chemistry, ministries, agencies and public organizations, representatives of large industrial enterprises, environmental scientists and mass media took part in the seminar.
In the context of achieving the goals of sustainable development, expanding production, and improving human health and the environment, safe management of chemicals is required.
A strategic approach to the international management of chemical substances is one of the important initiatives in the framework of international cooperation in the field of ensuring public health and environmental protection.
Chemical substances at the international level prepared in the context of the 21st century agenda (1992), the Johannesburg plan for the implementation of the decisions of the International Summit on Environment and Sustainable Development, the Rio de Janeiro Declaration (2006) based on the strategy of the UNFCCC in the field of Dubai Declaration lies in the commitments.
The main goal of the implementation of the strategic approach is to ensure the rational use of chemical substances throughout their life cycle, thereby reducing the harm caused by the development and use of chemical substances to public health and the environment by 2020.
One of the important elements of the implementation of KMXBSYO was considered to be the preparation of the National Profile - the existing national legal, organizational, administrative, and technical infrastructure related to the rational use of chemicals.
Currently, the process of preparing the National Profile is underway in Uzbekistan within the framework of the project "Development of an integrated national program for the rational management of chemical substances and implementation of a strategic approach to the international management of chemical substances in the Republic of Uzbekistan." The State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the executive agency for the implementation of this project. The implementation of the project was included in the Complex of additional measures for the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals of the UN in Uzbekistan in 2011-2015 with the Decision approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The project's National Coordinating Committee and the National Coordinating Group for Profile Preparation were established in March 2011 to adopt the project with the participation of representatives of all interested parties, as well as experts from the United Nations Institute for Training and Scientific Research (YUNITAR). agreed upon at the introductory workshop.The seminar discussed issues such as the management of chemical substances in Uzbekistan, intersectoral commissions and coordination mechanisms, the legislation on the management of the life cycle of chemical substances, the activities of the Ministry of Health in domestic and production processes.It should be noted that the current system of chemical management is based on a sector-based approach, with separate stages of the chemical "life cycle" and control over production, import, export, storage, transportation, use, and disposal being the responsibility of various ministries. not on the basis of the connections and possibilities that can be used for an integrated approach by them, but on the basis of the principles they adopt.The preparation of the national profile contributes to the understanding of the problems related to chemicals in the country and the mechanisms that can be used to solve them. This profile also helps to identify problems and shortcomings in existing systems and the necessary directions for future actions. In this way, profile preparation processes serve as an important factor in determining priority tasks in future activities. A scientific-practical seminar dedicated to practical development and introduction of environmentally friendly technology, expanding the use of renewable energy sources, and studying the purposeful use of natural resources was held in Termez.Experts in the field, chairmen of community assemblies, heads of private enterprises and farms, media workers participated in the event, which was organized in cooperation with the "Eco-Energy" scientific and practical center under the State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the regional nature protection committee.Zakir Rahimov, head of the "Eco-Energy" scientific and practical center under the State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and others noted that under the leadership of the President, special attention is being paid to strengthening the regulatory framework for the use of ecologically clean alternative energy sources, wide introduction of modern technologies in the field. The decree of the head of our state dated March 1, 2013 "On measures for the further development of alternative energy sources" is an important program for expanding the scope of work in this regard.At a time when the reserves of hydrocarbon raw materials used in the production of electricity on our planet are decreasing year by year, the reforms implemented in our country regarding the rational and effective use of alternative energy sources serve the sustainable development of our economy. Industrial enterprises, medical, educational and other social facilities, private enterprises and farms are equipped with modern energy devices - solar stations and collectors, and are provided with continuous electricity and hot water.The number of enterprises, organizations and institutions using alternative energy sources is expanding in Surkhandarya region. In particular, "Charogon textile" knitting factory in Zhargorgon district, maternity wards of medical associations in Sherabad, Oltinsoy, Angor, Denov, Sariosia, Termiz, Uzun districts, rural medical centers, branches of a number of insurance companies in the region, educational institutions, and energy-efficient solar installed in the private sector. batteries are highly effective in ensuring energy security and improving social and household conditions of the population. In many households in the region, an ecologically clean and continuous source of electricity - solar batteries - is used effectively.
- With the decision of the head of state on May 5 of this year on the program of measures to reduce the energy capacity in economic sectors and the social sector in 2015-2019, and to introduce energy-saving technologies, the program for the consistent development of the sector in our country for 2015-2019 was adopted, - he said. Rustam Yodgorov, head of the scientific and practical center "Eco-energy" under the State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan. - Many people are very interested in the fact that a number of benefits are applied in tax payments to business entities that use alternative energy.According to information, in Surkhandarya region, which has a favorable climate for the use of alternative energy solar batteries and solar collectors, more than seventy economic entities are using renewable sources of electricity. About thirty of them were installed free of charge at the expense of the special fund of the regional nature protection committee.In the past year of honoring the elderly, Muruvvat houses in Denov and Sariosia districts were provided with renewable electricity with the funds of this fund. Maternity departments of medical associations of Sherabad and Angor districts had the opportunity to continuously use modern solar battery energy. Similar alternative energy devices were installed in the field shed of the Surkhan Sarvari farm in Termiz district.
- The solar battery installed in our field shed provides continuous electricity and makes it easier to organize our work more efficiently, - says Rustam Boynazarov, manager of the farm "Surkhan Sarvari". - Our computers and mobile phones are working continuously. More than sixty workers work in the cotton field of our farm. Now they spend their leisure hours more meaningfully. Also, since we are using an alternative energy source, there are a number of benefits in tax payments. We are grateful to our state for such care.At the seminar, detailed information was given about the current potential of solar energy in our country and new technologies applied in the field. The participants were introduced to the practice of introducing alternative energy sources of the "Eco-energy" scientific and practical center. This year, farmers of the Namangan region cultivated high-yielding and early-season varieties of grain such as "Zamin", "Chillaki", "Babur", "Krasnodar-99", "Kuma" on an area of 79,000 hectares. At the moment, more than two hundred high-efficiency modern combine harvesters are threshing 50-60 tons of grain per day in the fields of about three thousand farms in the region.Special attention is paid to timely and effective organization of plowing of wheat-free lands, improvement of land reclamation, prevention of straw burning.
- Straw and straw residues burned on one hectare of land release into the atmosphere harmful substances such as 500 grams of nitrogen oxide, 379 grams of hydrocarbons, 3 kilograms of ash, 20 kilograms of soot gas, which are harmful to human health, - says the air protection inspectorate of the regional nature protection committee. head Tahir Toshboev. - In addition, the burning of straw leads to the destruction of the soil structure, damage to the flora and fauna on the edges of the fields. It goes without saying that burning ready-made animal feed is a huge waste.Prevention of stubble burning during the grain harvesting season is under constant control of the regional nature protection committee. In cooperation with the regional agriculture and water management, IIB fire safety departments, farmers' council, local governments, the committee is carrying out appropriate explanatory and propaganda work among farm specialists and the population.Before the season, understandings were given about the negative consequences of burning the stalks and straw of grain crops on farms, the punishment measures applied to legal entities and individuals for the damage caused in such cases, the relevant regulations, demonstration instructions and recommendations were distributed. The headquarters organized under the committee is coordinating the work on organizing short-term collection of straw from fields empty of grain and preventing its burning.Fields empty of wheat are being plowed one by one. Timely, high-quality implementation of such necessary agrotechnical measures is of great importance in maintaining soil structure and increasing land productivity. By the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers "On some issues of tourism development in the Republic of Uzbekistan" adopted on March 10, the list of objects and areas prohibited for tourists to visit was approved.With this decision, it was established that the permission of the regional units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is required for the entry (passing) of tourists to the places and objects with a special order of being in their territory, for their temporary stay and movement along them. Objects of cultural heritage located in the border area and protected natural areas were included among separate areas.According to the website of the National Company "Uzbekturizm", the new procedure allows the subjects of tourist activity to be sure that the local administration will not make any other or additional requirements for their visit, by completing the instructions specified in the organization of tourist trips to the related objects.Temporary stay in a separate area is limited to five days. In this case, tourism organizations or tourists should submit an application for a permit (it can be submitted by a group of individuals) at least 30 working days in advance.
List of objects and areas prohibited for tourists to visit
• "Imam Ota" general military training ground in Khanabad, Andijan region and the area around it;
• Kampirravot water reservoir in Khanabad, Andijan region and its surrounding area;
• "Shorsuv" general military artillery training ground in Uzbekistan district of Fergana region and the area around it;
• "Kaynarsoy" recreation zone in Bostonlik district of Tashkent region and the area around it;
• The radio astronomy complex (RT-70) located on the "Suffa" plateau in the Zomin district of the Jizzakh region and the area around it;
• Hisar reserve area in Shahrisabz district of Kashkadarya region and its surrounding area;
• The parts of the Hisar ridge mountains in Sariosia district of Surkhandarya region above the Topalang reservoir and the area around it;
• Charvoq HPP and Charvoq reservoir dam located in Bostonliq district of Tashkent region;
• New Angren IES in Nurabad town of Tashkent region;
• Sirdarya IES in Shirin city of Syrdarya region and the area around it;
• 2nd Hydrometallurgical plant in Bessapan town of Navoi region and its surrounding area;
• 3rd Hydrometallurgical plant in Kokpatas town of Navoi region and its surrounding area;
• The 4th Hydrometallurgical Plant in Ko'shrabot district of Samarkand region and the area around it;
• In the territory of Kashkadarya region - Temurlang cave in the Kalasoy gorge, Tashkurgan town, traces of dinosaurs in the Kalasoy gorge, waterfall in the Kalasoy gorge, Suvtushar waterfall, Jovuz, Gilan, Kol towns, "Khoja Karshavor" plateau, Janka lake, Severtsev glacier, "Hazrat Sultan" step;
• In Jizzakh region — the road from Shoralashsay settlement, Zomin sanatorium through "Suffa" plateau and Kyzilmozor gorge to Muzbulok town;
• Other extremely important and classified objects, as well as military units of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Internal Affairs located on the territory of Uzbekistan. A person can live three minutes without oxygen, three days without water, and four years without bees. At least that's what Einstein thought. This opinion of the scientist was published in the "Canadian Bee Journal" in 1941. According to him, the destruction of bees will not be less than a global catastrophe - a volcanic eruption, a meteorite fall or the explosion of a large hadron collider - in terms of its terrible consequences for humanity. All these give the same result.Currently, the mass extinction of bees continues. According to the scientific journal Nature, the bee population decreased by 5% in the southern countries during the past winter, by 10-15% in Central Europe, and by 20% in the North. It is difficult to say that the situation is good in Russia. The number of beehives is decreasing especially in Chelyabinsk and Ulyanovsk regions. In general, 20% of bees in the country have been destroyed. According to experts, the current number of bees is not enough to pollinate all plants. Last year, the UN warned that bee extinction is becoming a global problem.The history of bee extinction is not new: this process began in the middle of the 20th century, but it reached its peak in the last two decades. There is no single cause, but the main culprit is mankind. Agriculture has switched to chemical treatment almost everywhere - nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides are widely used. These tools do not kill insects, but, according to scientists, reduce their immunity, viruses do not stand idly by. Professor Peter Neumann tells about varroatosis, a plague of bees spread by microscopic mites: "Its danger is that it sucks all the life-giving substances from the bees' body. This is a particularly common disease of honey bees, and it is difficult to get rid of these mites, and the treatment and reviving of insects with dried up cells takes a lot of time and rarely gives the expected results. No one cares about the health of worker bees. Beekeepers continue their business as usual: moving beehives over long distances.
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