PowerPoint Presentation Architecture

• M. Ryan
• Academic Decathlon
• 2005-06

• Architecture

The art and science of designing and constructing buildings

• The art and science of designing and constructing buildings

• Architecture

Architects: specialists in designing structures

• Architects: specialists in designing structures

• Architecture

• Architecture

• One of the early architectural developments was the use of the “post-and-lintel” method

• A beam is placed horizontally across upright posts.

• Architecture

• Ancient Greek “Orders” (styles): composed of a shaft, capital, and base. (click me)

• http://www.bozzle.com/perClassicOrders.html

• Architecture

• Entablature: the top of an order; includes the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

• http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/architecture/entablature.html

• Architecture

• Other key developments include the arch,

• http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

• Architecture

• the vault,

• http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

• Architecture

• and the dome (my personal favorite).

• http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

• Architecture

• The arch was a purely Roman invention. An arch is often made up of small stones called voussoir and a large central stone called a keystone.

• Architecture

• A series of columns is called a colonnade.

• A series of arches is called an arcade.

• Architecture

• The arch, vault, and dome are variations of the same concept that allowed for greater height and more space inside a building.

• Architecture

• The Romans were great engineers. They developed concrete as a building material, which was used in building aqueducts, baths, and other public works projects.

• Architecture

• http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/flyingbu.htm

• Flying Buttress: external arch that counter-balanced the outward thrust of the high, vaulted ceilings.

• Architecture

• During the Industrial Revolution, many new materials were developed: glass-- Crystal Palace (1851)

• http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1158.htm

• Architecture

• and wrought iron:
• The Eiffel Tower

• Modern Architecture

• Antonio Gaudi: Spanish architect– no flat surface or straight lines (organic)

• http://www.lexised.com/architecture/gaudi/casam.html

• Antonio Gaudi’s most famous building: “La Sagrada Familia”

• Modern Architecture

• Modern Architecture

• The 1st skyscraper was made in St. Louis, MO by Louis Sullivan who coined the expression “form follows function”.

• Modern Architecture

• Frank Lloyd Wright: American architect; carefully considered the environment where the building was to be constructed.

• “Falling Water”

• More Wright

• Modern Architecture

• Steel and concrete are the favored materials for commercial type construction.

• Wood and brick are the favored materials for residential construction.