Прочитайте и переведите текст о вашей специальности. (письменно) Forestry

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Species of trees
Dense stands of spruce, fir pine, and other large cone bearing trees occupy the Northern and Southern Hemispheres to about 30 degrees latitude. In these coniferous forests black bear, deer and elk are dominant. Then the taiga is followed by the deciduous trees (trees, whose leaves fall in autumn and grow anew the following spring): oaks, maples, alders, birches, poplars, beeches, aspens. These sequences of forest belts from arctic to tropics can be interrupted by mountain ranges. Hot, humid equatorial rain forests with liana-covered trees crowded as closely together as possible, seem to typify tropical forest zones, but they are not so common and widespread as we may think. Today trees cover about 3.9 billion hectares or just over 9.6 billion acres one might think that’s a lot of trees! The fact is that trees now cover only about 29.6 per cent of Earth total land area. Today there are approximately 100,000 known species of trees that exist through out the world, according to World Resources Institute.


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Forest ecosystems
Forest ecosystems around the world serve a wide range of uses. These can be classified into three main categories: commercial (where wood is harvested for timber, pulp or fuel); recreational (where hiking, camping and hunting are encouraged); and conservation (forests protected as watersheds and habitats for wildlife). In the US recognition of these many values has been reflected in the government policy that national forests are for "multiple use". This, however, does not prevent conflicts between groups interested in different aspects of forest ecosystems.
Even within the commercial realm there are basic incompatibilities. A forest under heavy pressure as a source of firewood will not attain enough stature for pulp or timber. Very different techniques must be used to encourage different species. Some, such as the Douglas Fir, grow best in the open sunlight of a clear cut. Others get a better start under shade.