R e d u c I n g s u r g I c a L r I s k s f o r o t o p L a s t y
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R e d u c i n g S u r g i c a l R i s k s f o r O t o p l a s t y Steven G. Hoshal, MD a , Megan V. Morisada, MD a , Travis T. Tollefson, MD, MPH b, * INTRODUCTION Prominauris (protruding or prominent ears) is a relatively common auricular deformity affecting up to 5% of the Caucasian population and inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. 1 It is most often due to underdevelopment of the anti- helical fold or overdevelopment of the conchal bowl. There is a wide range of what is perceived as within the spectrum of normal. Significant psy- chosocial distress may result from prominent ears, 2 leading to the development of a variety of surgical techniques over the years. A thorough un- derstanding of the anatomy of both the normal and prominent ear is crucial for accurate analysis and surgical correction of the deformity. History Surgery on the protruding ear was first described in Vedas, an ancient Indian text from around 600 BC , with oral transmission of information preceding centuries before that. The text describes repair of the earlobe using cheek flaps, as performed by the potter caste. 3 In 1845, Dieffenbach was the first to describe suture fixation of the conchal bowl to the mastoid periosteum and postauricular skin excision for surgical repair of the post- traumatic protruding ear. 4 In 1881, Ely described the resection of postauricular skin along with a crescentic cartilage strip and concho-mastoid fix- ation suturing for correction of congenitally prom- inent ear, a procedure he staged by side. 5 Luckett then introduced the concept of restora- tion of the antihelical fold in 1910 by breaking the cartilage with a skin–cartilage excision along the antihelical fold and horizontal mattress suturing. 6 In 1952, Becker described a cartilage-tubing tech- nique to accentuate the antihelix to produce a more rounded result. 7 In 1963, Mustarde devel- oped a popular technique to create the antihelical fold without needing cartilage incision using concho-scaphal mattress suturing, which resulted in less sharp edges and more natural contour in a manner that was easy to perform with lasting re- sults. 8 Finally, in 1968, Furnas 9 introduced concha-mastoid suture fixation as a technique to reduce excessive conchal height and fix the cephalo-auricular angle, a technique that was later modified by Spira. Anatomy and Embryology Fundamental anatomic principles of the auricle will guide surgical principles and approaches to correction. The adult auricle measures 5.5 to 6.5 cm in length with ear width being 50% to 60% of length. Ear length growth is about 85% complete by the age of 3 years, 10 whereas ear width reaches maturity by age 7 years in a Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Davis, 2521 Stockton Boule- vard, Suite 7200, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; b Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Depart- ment of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Davis, 2521 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 7200, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA * Corresponding author. E-mail address: tttollefson@ucdavis.edu KEYWORDS Otoplasty Complications Mustarde sutures Conchal setback KEY POINTS Prominent ear is a common auricular deformity that can lead to psychosocial distress. Otoplasty is a well-tolerated procedure with high satisfaction and low complication rates. Adverse surgical outcomes are avoided by preventing hematoma and overcorrection. Facial Plast Surg Clin N Am - (2023) - – - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2023.01.011 1064-7406/23/ Ó 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. facialplastic.theclinics.com Download 51.9 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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