Read the text. Then choose the correct answer to questions 30-32

d) has been carrying on noticeably since 1950
12. It has been anticipated that, by the middle of the next century
a) the population growth rate in less developed countries will be much higher than that in previous years.
b) kinds of measures will have been taken to encourage population growth
c) the world population will not be stabilized at around 10 to 15 billion.
d) the rate of increase will still be increasing
Most substances, either artificial or natural, can cause harm to man or the environment. Some of these reach the environment in waste streams; however emission limits and environmental quality standards can, in some instances, reduce the amounts released. However, some other matters cannot be controlled in this way because they are released, not in industrial waste streams, but through the use or disposal products which contain them. In many cases these substances pose little or no threat if the product containing them is used and disposed of properly. The accurate wav to deal with them is through controls over their supply, use and disposal
13. In accordance with the passage, the threat of some certain substances to the environment............. .
a) is for less than that to man
b) could be reduced by enforcing emission limits and environmental controls
c) has been unnecessarily over emphasized
d) has to date been completely ignored
14. The author expresses that the danger posed to man by some substances ............. .
a) is even greater than generally admitted
b) is unrelated to environmental pollution 72

c) continues to grow despite constant control of disposal systems

d) arises from their misuse and wrong disposal
15. The passage is related to the question of ............. .
a) how the harmful effects of certain substances can be kept under control
b) why industrial waste streams have led to so much pollution
c) what measures are to be taken against the supply of dangerous substances
d) if man-made substances and natural ones cause pollution
The Peter Principle is derived from the analysis of the hundreds of cases of incompetence in organizations which can be seen anywhere. The principle points out that in a hierarchy every employee tends to reach his level of incompetence and it applies to all organizations. The Principle assumes a constant quest for high performance. Hence people competent at their jobs are promoted so that they may do still better. Competence in each new position
qualifies for promotion to the next until each individual reaches a job beyond his abilities and therefore no longer performs in a way that gains further promotion. This is his level of incompetence Given two conditions enough ranks in the hierarchy to provide promotions and enough time to move through them all employees reach and remain at their level of incompetence. This can be stated as Peter's Principle: In time, every post tends to be occupied by an employee who is incompetent to carry out its duties.
16. The level of incompetence ..............