References used introduction

WATER-POLO

PLAN

	INTRODUCTION
	1.History of water polo 2. Rules of Water Polo 3. Field of play 4. Outfit and equipment for water polo 5. Judging 6. Water polo competitions
	CONCLUSION
	REFERENCES USED

INTRODUCTION
Water polo is a team water sport, in which the main purpose of the game is to put more balls into the gates than the opposing team at the scheduled time. The game takes place in the water, and the ball is held and scored into the gates with one hand.
The International Swimming Federation (fr. Federation Internationale de Natation, FINA) is the organization that unites the majority of national swimming federations. The headquarters is located in Lausanne (Switzerland).
Water polo is now popular in many countries around the world, notably Europe (particularly in Italy, Spain, Serbia, Croatia, Hungary, France, Germany, Greece, Malta, Montenegro, the Netherlands and Romania), Australia, Brazil, Canada and the United States.
Some countries have two principal competitions: a more prestigious league which is typically a double round-robin tournament restricted to the elite clubs, and a cup which is a single-elimination tournament open to both the elite and lesser clubs.
HISTORY OF WATER POLO
The Japanese game in which the players tried to hand off the ball to the players of their team with special poles while being afloat on straw barrels can be considered the progenitor of water polo.
The earliest known documentation of modern water polo can be traced back to the late19th century and a man named William Wilson, a Scotsman renowned for his contributions to aquatic development. As a swimming coach, Wilson developed revolutionary techniques on efficiency and safety. As an iconoclastic engineer, however, he created what was first known as “aquatic football,” a form of soccer, rugby, wrestling, and American football — all while treading water.
Water polo much like rugby, because the first edition of the rules allowed to use force in the fight for the ball and hold the opponent. In addition, the water polo field was marked on still water, and instead of the gates, there were sticks dug in the bottom of the reservoir, protruding 30-40 cm above the surface of the water. Players had to swim the ball into the gates. In 1869, water polo was presented to the general public in London for the first time. In those days the game was called “football on the water” and did not have clearly defined rules. In 1870, a commission of sports experts was convened to formalize the rules, but the commission did not achieve any results. Only in 1876, William Wilson laid down the rules of the water polo game, which remained relevant until 1890.
Since 1900, the game is included in the list of Olympic sports, and the first world water polo championship was held in 1973.
The first game took place along the banks of the River Dee in Aberdeen, Scotland. It experienced a massive gain in popularity in the following years and was played throughout Great Britain in various loosely organized official capacities. Shortly thereafter, in 1885, the Swimming Association of Great Britain officially recognized the game and formalized the rules made by Wilson.
Americans played a similar game but with different rules that allowed rougher play, holding, and a submersible ball. The sport drew large national crowds and was frequently played in top venues, even earning a stage at New York City’s infamous Madison Square Garden. However, due to the differences in rules of play, the European nations did not compete in the 1904 Olympics in St. Louis, and it was not until an international water polo committee was formed in 1929 that all nations formally agreed to a common set of rules.
The sport was among the original games to be introduced in the second modern Olympics in Paris in 1900. The sport first gained traction in Western Europe and continues to be largely dominated by these nations in modern international competition.