56
SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
of its energy. The law of the conservation of the
mass of a system becomes identical with the law
of the conservation of energy, and is only valid
provided that the system neither takes up nor
sends out energy. Writing the expression for the
energy in the form
,
2
2
0
2
1
c
v
E
mc
−
+
we see that the term
,
2
mc which has hitherto
attracted our attention, is nothing else than the
energy possessed by the body
1
before it absorbed
the energy
.
0
E
A direct comparison of this relation with experi-
ment is not possible at the present time, owing to
the fact that the changes in energy
0
E
to which we
can subject a system are not large enough to make
themselves perceptible as a change in the inertial
mass of the system.
2
0
c
E
is too small in comparison
with the mass m, which was present before the
alteration of the energy. It is owing to this circum-
stance that classical mechanics was able to es-
tablish successfully the conservation of mass as a
law of independent validity.
Let me add a final remark of a fundamental
nature. The success of the Faraday-Maxwell
1
As judged from a co-ordinate system moving with the body.
GENERAL RESULTS OF THEORY
57
interpretation of electromagnetic action at a dis-
tance resulted in physicists becoming convinced
that there are no such things as instantaneous
actions at a distance (not involving an inter-
mediary medium) of the type of Newton’s law of
gravitation. According to the theory of relativity,
action at a distance with the velocity of light
always takes the place of instantaneous action at
a distance or of action at a distance with an in-
finite velocity of transmission. This is connected
with the fact that the velocity c plays a funda-
mental rôle in this theory. In Part II we shall see
in what way this result becomes modified in the
general theory of relativity.
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