Research · October 2015 doi: 10. 13140/RG
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TestingReading
Reading Fluency. Reading fluency refers to accurate and automatic
decoding of the words in the text, along with expressive interpretation of the text, to achieve optimal comprehension. Wagaman (2013) in eHow Contributor defined fluency as the combination of speed of reading and the ability to read with expression. In this test, candidates are supposed to read with appropriate phrasing and interpretation. Fluent reading requires speedy recognition of words, decoding accuracy, and oral expressiveness; these are to be assessed. One of the simple tests to assess children’s reading fluency is by oral reading. This is also important to improve their reading speed adn develop stronger vocabulary. The way is simple where the parent reads out loud at the rate they'd like their child to attain. This is done while their child reads along with them. This should model what reading fluency looks like. It helps the child read at a faster rate. This activity should be done with a grade appropriate book so that the child does not get frustrated. Wagaman recommeded some instructions in conducting reading fluency test as follow: 1. Choosing a book or passage for the student to read. The child may need to read several different levels of books before the proper reading level is determined, so it is a good idea to have several levels on hand prior to Language Testing & Evaluation Fernandes Arung 2013 12 beginning the test. The optimal level is one in which the child is able to read fluently, but not perfectly. Perfect reading would indicate the child has mastered this level of reading, known as the independent level. 2. Telling the child to begin reading aloud while starting a stopwatch. The amount of time it takes the student to read the book will help determine the child's fluency. 3. Take a running record while the child is reading. A running record is a written record of the child's reading. It is basically a shorthand method of writing down everything the child reads, correctly and incorrectly. Some of the basic notations include a check mark for a correctly read word, a dash for a word left out, and a carrot to insert a word if the child adds an extra word to the sentence. If the word was read incorrectly, you should write whatever the child said, phonetically. For example, if the word was "house," you might right "hos." If the child self-corrects, or says a word incorrectly but then repeats it correctly, add the letters SC next to the notation, indicating the fact that the student corrected himself. 4. Observe the student's ability to read with expression. Expressive reading involves changes of pitch, volume, rhythm and tone of voice while reading. Students who do not read with expression will often sound choppy or speak in a monotone. Reading with expression should sound like normal conversation. 5. Determine reading accuracy. After the child has completed the reading, you need to decide if any of the mistakes changed the meaning of the story. Errors that do not change the meaning do not count against the student for determining fluency. Examples of mistakes that do not change the meaning include mispronounced names. A 90 percent to 96 percent accuracy rate is considered instructional level, or the level at which the child should read at school. To determine accuracy rate, Language Testing & Evaluation Fernandes Arung 2013 13 divide the number of words read correctly by the total number of words. So for example, if the student read 187 words correctly out of a total of 200 words, the student's accuracy rate is 94 percent. This would be a book at an instructional level for this child. 6. Determine reading rate. To determine the child's reading rate, you need to know how many total words there were in the story that the child read, how many words the child read correctly and how long it took the child to read the story. Then divide the total number of words read correctly by the total amount of time it took to read the story. Continuing our example from above, if the student read 187 words correctly in a minute and a half, the student read 125 words per minute. This is in the instructional range for a fifth grader. 7. Determine reading fluency by looking at the accuracy rate, reading rate and child's ability to read with expression. The accuracy and reading rates should be in the instructional range, and the child should read with some expression to be considered to be reading fluently. Tests used to measure the candidates’ reading fluency should be based on candidates’ level and provide various techniques. Download 386.97 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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