Reservoir model for twodimensional electron gases in quantizing magnetic fields: a review
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71 adabiyot zawadzki2013
physica
s s p status solidi b The above relations can be used to determine the electron density from magneto-transport experiments. However, it is clear that, in the standard interpretation in which N ¼ const and the plateaus of the quantum Hall are attributed to the localization regions of DOS, formula (12) cannot be used in the plateau region because it would not give a constant r xy when B increases and N is constant. The LL broadening parameter G is related in case of short-range scattering to the zero field relaxation time t [28] G ¼ 2 p hv c h t 1 =2 ¼ ffiffiffi 2 p r he m c cB m 1 =2 ; ð14Þ where m is the carrier mobility. Finally, if one assumes the Gaussian DOS for LLs, the longitudinal conductivity s xx is, in the high field regime v c t 1 [28] s xx ¼ e 2 p 2 h Z 1 1 @f E ð Þ @E X n;s n þ 1 2 exp E l ns G 2 " # dE : ð15Þ However, the above formalism does not include the localization of electron states. Thus, in order to describe the plateaus of r xy and zeros of r xx we use the reservoir hypothesis following the work of Raymond and Sibari [10]. This treatment uses the triangular well approximation. The electron density is calculated according to Eq. (2) with the fixed Fermi energy E F . The value of spin g factor appearing in Eq. (2) should take into account the exchange enhancement [29]. There is g ¼ g 0 þ Dg, where Dg ¼ hc eB 2 N " N# ð Þ ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 2n þ 1 p m 0 m 1 þ 4p eLhv c e 2 1 : ð16Þ The symbols N "(#) represent the densities of mobile electrons having " (#) spins and e is the dielectric permittivity of GaAs. We showed in the previous section that, if E F remains constant as B varies, the density N oscillates as a function of magnetic field. This corresponds to the transfer of electrons into and out of QW. The conductivity s xx is calculated according to Eq. (15), while s xy is determined from Eq. (10) once the oscillating N is calculated. Finally, r xx and r xy are deduced from Eq. (11). The experimental data were obtained on GaAs/GaAlAs heterojunctions grown by MBE and MOCVD techniques. The samples had different values of the density N and carrier mobility m. These parameters were also changed by applying a hydrostatic pressure and by illuminating the samples with infrared light emitting diodes. It was found that the best description of the data was obtained for the broadening parameter G determined by the zero- field mobility G h/t he/m m . Figure 6 shows the relative variation of 2D density N in GaAs QW calculated assuming the constant Fermi energy. The exchange enhancement of the spin g value is clearly seen for B 3 T. Figures 7 and 8 illustrate experimental and theoretical values of r xx and r xy for one of the investigated GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructures. The following parameters were used in the calculations: m /m 0 ¼ 0.07, e ¼ 12.91, Figure 6 Relative variation of N versus magnetic field in GaAs QW (sample 2) as calculated using the reservoir model [N(0) ¼ 3.7 10 11 cm 2 ]. After Ref. [10]. Figure 7 Experimental dependences of r xx and r xy on the magnetic field for sample 2 of GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructure. After Ref. [10]. Figure 8 Theoretical dependence of r xx and r xy on the magnetic field for sample 2 shown in Fig. 7, calculated assuming a fixed value of the Fermi energy. After Ref. [10]. Phys. Status Solidi B 251, No. 2 (2014) 253 www.pss-b.com ß 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Download 1.56 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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