Figure 3. Illustration of data and information flow in network analysis.
5.2. Integrated Distribution Optimization between DSO and TSO
The interaction between DSO and TSO will be required to achieve a full integration of system
planning and operation in the future. With more flexibility/resources in distribution networks that
can be utilized for TSO operation, the flexibility exchange between both operators will definitely
tend to be more in the future, and the future distribution optimization should consider more of the
integration and interaction between TSO and DSO sides. Taking the DG planning as an example, the
increased installation of DGs in distribution level can influence the transmission network operation.
DGs, with the characteristics of intermittency and disturbances, can potentially cause power
imbalance issues, which is the responsibility of TSO. On the other hand, DGs with reactive power
support can be used to provide flexibility exchange sources to TSO in order to maintain voltage
profiles [117]. Given the potential impacts of DG units on operation in a transmission network, DSO
should plan DG connection while considering the TSO side, such as infrastructure adequacy and
capacity. In [117], a practical case in Portugal is provided, which suggests the necessity of interaction
between DSO and TSO in DG planning to avoid potential adverse issues. It shows that extra
information is extremely important for optimization‐related applications in Distribution
Management System (DMS) and Energy Management Systems (EMS) functions for both TSO and
DSO.
5.3. Differentiated PQ Supply
Considering efficiency and cost‐effectiveness, it is not necessary to provide excess PQ quality
that is beyond the requirement from customers, and it not optimal from the perspective of utilities to
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |