穨Review. Pdf

Table 4.5 Results of t-test on Oral Performance in Control Group (N=60) 
M 
n 
SD 
MD(Post-Pre) T 
p 
Pre 
70.50 
30 5.90 
Post 
69.53 
30 8.33 
-.97 
.311 
.76 
13
MD here stands for Mean Difference between the experimental and control groups. The MD was 
reached with the mean of the experimental group minus that of the control group. 

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In addition to comparing the total scores of the two groups, the intra- and 
inter-group analysis of the five items of grading criteria (Appendix E) based on which 
the students were graded were also investigated for further analysis. The five items 
included: (1) appropriateness (20%), (2) vocabulary (20%), (3) grammar (20%), (4) 
intelligibility (20%), and (5) fluency (20%). The results of each of the five items 
were presented in the following tables.
The first analysis of the five grading items was on the intra-group difference in 
the experimental group. 
Table 4.6 Paired Samples Test of 5 Individual Grading Criteria of Experimental 
Group (N=30) 
Items 
Pre 
Post 
M 
SD 
t 
p 
Appropriateness 13.33 
15.33 
2.00 
1.60 
4.83 
.00** 
Vocabulary 
14.60 
15.86 
1.26 
1.70 
2.86 
.01** 
Grammar 
13.66 
15.53 
1.86 
1.50 
4.80 
.00** 
Intelligibility 
12.93 
15.53 
2.60 
.98 
10.21 
.00** 
Fluency 
12.86 
15.20 
2.34 
1.58 
5.68 
.00** 
** p < .01
As shown in Table 4.6, the experimental group made significant improvement in 
all of the five items of the grading criteria, with all the five p-values lower than .01.
That is, the experimental group progressed in all of the five areas of linguistic 
competence measured through the two oral tasks.