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21.4.2.5 Architecture
Many firms just buy a firewall because it’s on the tick-list of due-diligence things their auditors want to see. In that case, the sensible choice is a simple filtering router, which won’t need much maintanence and won’t get in the way. Where security’s taken seriously, one possible approach is to invest in a really serious firewall system, which might consist of a packet filter connecting the outside world to a screened subnet, also known as a demilitarized zone 658 Chapter 21 ■ Network Attack and Defense (DMZ), which in turn contains a number of application servers or proxies to filter mail, web and other services. The DMZ may then be connected to the internal network via a further filter that does network address translation. In [323], there is a case study of how a firewall was deployed at Hanscom Air Force Base. The work involved surveying the user community to find what network services were needed; devising a network security policy; using network monitors to discover unexpected services that were in use; and lab testing prior to installation. Once it was up and running, the problems included ongoing maintenance (due to personnel turnover), the presence of (unmon- itored) communications to other military bases, and the presence of modem pools. Few non-military organizations are likely to take this much care. An alternative approach is to have more networks, but smaller ones. At our university, we have firewalls to separate departments, although we’ve got a shared network backbone and there are some shared central services. There’s no reason why the students and the finance department should be on the same network, and a computer science department has got quite different require- ments (and users) from a department of theology — so the network security policies should be different too. In any case keeping each network small limits the scope of any compromise. You may even find both a big corporate firewall and departmental bound- aries. At defense contractors, you may expect to find not just a fancy firewall at the perimeter, but also pumps separating networks operating at different clearance levels, with filters to ensure that classified information doesn’t escape either outwards or downwards (Figure 21.2). proxy Filter Web server guard Other proxies . . . Filter Internet Intranet Classified intranet Download 499.36 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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