Saddi iskandari

Mavlanov Ahmed,
Teacher of Samarkand State University
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TERMS RELATING TO MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY USED IN "SADDI ISKANDARI" BY ALISHER NAVOYI


In all periods, the advanced children of the country, especially the creative intellectuals, have been seriously concerned about the mother tongue, its current state, and its future. This is especially evident at the turning points of the nation's history and spirituality, when self-awareness becomes a necessity. Alighieri Dante in Italy, Du Belli, Francois Rabelais and M. Bellin in France, M. Karamzin, F.A. Goncharov in Russia, and Alisher Navoi, Husayn Boygaro and Babur Mirzo in Khurasonu Movarounnahr fought a consistent and valiant struggle for the protection and development of the native language. They considered the protection of the language as the protection of the country, and they also created special epics on this topic. Alisher Navoi's epic "Muhokamat ul-lughatayn" can be an example of this aspect not only in the East, but also in the West. The French scientist M. Bellin, who got acquainted with this saga, wrote in 1861: "The fact that Alisher Navoi proved the superiority of his national language with undeniable evidence is a proof that he started patriotism among his people." ... It is a recognized fact: the development of the Uzbek literary language cannot be imagined without the rich literary heritage of Hazrat Navoi. After all, the linguistic wealth accumulated over the centuries was summarized and integrated in Alisher Navoi's work. Navoi's period Navoi's great attention to language was not for nothing. As a great linguist, he did not limit himself to writing the epic Muhokamat ul-lughatayn. In other epics, he expressed valuable thoughts on many theoretical and practical problems of linguistics. In particular, Navoi put forward his important views on the theory of language by defining the word and showing the power of the word, and these theoretical views of Navoi deserve special research in today's linguistics. For example, the great poet defines the word in the epic "Layli and Majnun" and writes:
So, let the sound of the word die before,
Every sale should be preceded by a word.

That is, the first sound was a word, the beginning of every sound is also a word.

One can understand the theory of speech from these verses of Navoi. This requires a scientific study of the great thinker's views on general linguistics as a task.
Our grandfather the thinker was a great poet as well as a great scientist. He perfectly used such science as linguistics, literary studies, geography, mathematics, economics and terms related to this science in his epics. Navoi, who knew the Arabic and Persian languages perfectly, first of all used the terms related to those languages. If it was not possible to use them, he invented new terms himself.
In Alisher Navoi's "Saddi Iskandari" epic, which we are analyzing, 5 terms related to mathematics, geometry, calculation are used. These are: mathematics, nisfi, era, pargor, accountant.
All these terms are considered archaic words, that is, they have all been replaced by modern alternatives. For example, math - mathematics, half - meridian, period - circle, pargor - circle, accountant - accountant.
Some terms may refer to several fields. For example, the term fish refers to both the science of ichthyology and the profession of fishing. Similarly, the term meridian refers to both mathematics and geography. The term pargor (circle) is also used in the science of drawing in addition to geometry. The term muhosib (accountant) is also used in the field of accounting.
We considered these terms to be mathematical based on context. Byte:
Chu pargor end of the era,
Aim without finding a point until you die. (Saddi Iskandari, 371)
It is known that astronomy flourished in the first half of the 14th century. Undoubtedly, this is related to the name of our grandfather Mirzo Ulugbek, the king and scientist. He conducted a lot of research and compiled the "Zichi Jadidi Koragoni" table.
Alisher Navoi spent five years of his life in Samarkand. Naturally, he went to the Ulugbek observatory and looked through Ulugbek's star chart. He received a lot of information about the science of astronomy. He also included these sciences in the epic "Saddi Iskandari".
The following terms related to astronomy (falakiyot - translation) and astrology are used in this epic: anjum, kun (sun), hamal burji, sun, star, khurshid, suhayl, axtarshunos, mehr, kahkashan, fazo, kavokib, mehr, light, mohi nokosta, barq, sipehr, koinot, zuhal, bahram, koinot, ahli rasad, parvin, rain, abru, planet, sobitot, anjumshunos, suturlob, suho, sun, rasad, burj, jady, hut and others.
In conclusion, Alisher Navoi was not only a great poet, but also a great person who perfectly knew mathematics, geometry, physics and astronomy, and was able to use the terms of these sciences appropriately.

References

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