Sahifa 1 Radioaktivlik, radionuklidlar va nurlanish

ISBN: 978-3-659-98598-0

Mualliflik huquqi / Mualliflik huquqi © 2013 AV Akademikerverlag GmbH & Co. KG

Alle Rechte vorbehalten. / Barcha huquqlar himoyalangan. Saarbrucken 201 3

Sahifa 7

Tarkib

MUQADDIMA ................................................. ................................................ 5

1. RADIOAKTIVLIK FENOMENASINI Kashf etish TARIXI ........... 7

1.1 Asosiy elementar zarralar .............................................. .............. 7

1.2 Rentgen nurlanishi ............................................... .......................... o'n bir

1.3 Radioaktiv elementlar va izotoplar ............................................. ........ 14

1.4 Radioaktiv nurlanish ............................................... ......................... 17

1.5 Chirish turlari ............................................... ................................................ yigirma

1.6 Yadro tuzilishi va yadroviy reaktsiyalar ............................................ ............ 23

2. Yadro fizikasiga kirish ............................................ .......... 27

3. RADIOAKTIVLIK FENOMENI .............................................. .......... 45

3.1 Radioaktivlik ................................................ .......................................... 45

3.2 Parchalanish statistikasi ............................................... ..................................... 48

3.3 Radioaktiv parchalanish kinetikasi .............................................. .......... 52

3.4 Radioaktiv muvozanat ............................................... ....................... 60

3.5 Radioaktiv oilalar ............................................... ......................... 67

4. RADIOAKTIV KIRISH TURLARI ............................................. 75

4.1. Yadro transformatsiyasining asosiy turlari .............................................. 75

4.2. Parchalanishning ekzotik turlari ............................................... .................... 96

5. IONLASH RADIYATSIYASI .............................................. ......... 105

5.1. Ionlashtiruvchi nurlanish va uning maydoni ............................................. ... 105

5.2. Radiatsiya turlari ................................................ ...................................... 107

5.3 Ionlashtiruvchi nurlanish manbalari .............................................. .117

6. IONLASH Radiatsiyasining BILAN o'zaro ta'siri

MAVZU ................................................. ................................................ 127

6.1 Radiatsiyaning moddalar orqali o'tishi ......................................... 127

6.2. Og'ir zarrachalarning moddalar bilan o'zaro ta'siri ............................... 130

6.3. Elektronlarning materiya bilan o'zaro ta'siri ......................................... 136

6.4. Gamma nurlanishining moddalar bilan o'zaro ta'siri ............................. 140

6.5 Neytronlarning moddalar bilan o'zaro ta'siri ......................................... 148