Saqlash vazirligi
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Saqlash vazirligi-fayllar.org
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Sxema № 1. «Lipolitik kaskad» (Staynberg bo‘yicha).
- Sxema № 3. Jinsiy va steroid gormonlarning sintezi. Sxema № 4.
- Sxema № 5. Fosfolipidlar biosintezi.
- Sxema № 6. Fosfolipidlarni fosfolipazalar bilan gidrolizi.
- Sxema № 7. Polito‘yinmagan yog‘ kislotalarni peroksid oksidlanishi (POL).
- Sxema № 8. Yog‘ kislotalarning sintezi.
- Sxema № 9. Yog‘ kislotalarining β-okisidlanishi.
- ADABIYOTLAR
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Testlar
1. Polito‘yinmagan yog‘ kislotalari: A) Olein B) Stearin V) Moy G) Araxidon D) Palmitin 2. Uchglitseridlarning asosiy funksiyasi: A) Plastik B) Energetik V) himoya G) Termoregulyatsiya D) Eruvchanlik 3. Xolesterin oksidlanishining oxirigi mahsuloti: A) O‘t kislotalari B) Yog‘ kislotalari
V) Tiroksin G) Vitamin B 12
D) Mineral kislota 4. OMG-KoA reduktazani aktivligini tormozlovchi kislota: A) Xolein B) Tauroxolein
V) Dezoksixolein G) Litoxolein
D) Xenodezoksixolein 5. Xolesterin, keton tanachalar va yog‘ kislotalarning umumiy sintez metabolitini tanlang: A) Malonil-KoA B) Atsetil-KoA V) Atsil-KoA G) Fosfat kislota
31 D) Glitserin. 6. Xolesterin parchalanishidan hosil bo‘ladigan oxirgi mahsulotni ko‘rsating: A) SO
2 va N
2 O
B) Ammiak V) Siydikchil G) O‘t kislotalar D) Atsetil-KoA 7. Xolesterindan nima hosil bo’lmaydi? A) Yog‘ kislotalar B) O‘t kislotalar V) Vitamin D 3
D) Membrananing strukturaviy qismi 8. Yog‘ kislotalarning biosintezi qayerda kechadi? A) Yadroda B) Sitoplazmada V) Membranada G) Mitoxondriyada D) Mikrosomada 9. Yog‘ kislotalar sintezida ishlatiladigan qaytaruvchisini ko’rsating: A) FADH
2
B) NADH 2
V) NADFH 2
G) FMNH 2
D) QH 2
10. Qaysi aminokislotalarning yetishmasligi jigarni yog‘li infiltrastiyasiga sabab bo‘lishi mumkin? A) Triptofan B) Glutamat V) Metioninin G) Tirozin D) Treonin 11. Yog‘larning resintezi qayerda kechadi? A) ichak devorida V) gepatotsitlarda 12. Testni to‘ldiring: Xilomikronlar (80%) qonda _________ tashiydi. (javob: triglitseridlar).
32 Sxema № 1. «Lipolitik kaskad» (Staynberg bo‘yicha).
Birlamchi akseptor Modifikatsiyalangan birlamchi akseptor
Nofaol adenilatsiklaza Faol adenilatsiklaza
ATF stAMF
Nofaol proteinkinaza Faol
proteinkinaza
Nofaol lipaza Faol
lipaza
TG DG + YoK
MG + YoK GL + YoK
33
Sxema № 2. Xolesterin biosintezi.
CH 3 SO – SKoA atsetil KoA tiolaza CH 3 SO – SKoA atsetil KoA
Xolesterin (S 27 )
NSKoA
CH 3 SOCH 2 SO – SKoA (atsetoatsetil KoA)
Lanosterin (S 30 )
OMGKoA –sin-tetaza CH 3 SO–SKoA+N 2 O N 2 O
NSKoA
+
CH 3
│ NOOS – CH 2 – S – CH 2 – SO – SkoA │ ON β oksi-β-metilglutaril-KoA NADFN
2
O 2
Skvalen (S 30 )
OMGKoA –reduk- taza
2NADFN
2
2NADF NSKoA NADF +
NADFN 2
2FFN CH 3
NOOS – CH 2 – S – CH 2 – CH
2 ON
│ ON Mevalonat Farnezilpiro-fosfat (S 15
)
Izopentenilpi- rofosfat (S 5 ) Farnezilpirofosfat (S 15 )
Geranilpirofosfat (S 10 )
ATF
ADF
5-fosfomevalonat Dimetilamelpi- rofosfat (S 5 ) Izopentenilpi- rofosfat (S 5 )
ATF
ADF ATF FN ADF SO 2
5-pirofosfomevalonat 3-fosfo-5pirofosfolivalonat
Sxema № 3. Jinsiy va steroid gormonlarning sintezi. Sxema № 4.
glyukoza Lipidlar
glitserin
glitserofosfatlar
R 1 – CO – SKoA R 2 – CO – SKoA
Fosfatid kislota
R 3 – CO – SKoA StTF diglitserid triglitserid
F ON
F – O F
xolin ATF SDF-diglitserid
StMF
Fosforil- xolin StTF ADF
fosfodilserin
F – O F StDF -xolin SO 2
Fosfatidileta- S-adenozilmetionin nolamin
S-adenozilgomosistein
fosfotidilxolin StMF
37 Sxema № 6. Fosfolipidlarni fosfolipazalar bilan gidrolizi.
Fosfolipaza A 1
CH 2 O O ║ S – R 1
2
CHO
O ║ S – R 2 Fosfolipaza C
CH 2 O
O ║ 2 CH 2 N + (CH 3 ) 3 │ OH
Fosfolipaza D
38 38
Sxema № 7. Polito‘yinmagan yog‘ kislotalarni peroksid oksidlanishi (POL).
fermentativ POL nofermentativ POL
Fosfolipidlar fosfolipidlar memb ran
a
Fosfo- lizofosfolipid- lipaza lar
lizofosfolipid- lar ON - + ON
+ N 2 O 2 O 2
endoperekisi araxidon kislota
MDA
PGU 2
MDA PGN 2
S ik
lo o k -
s ig en aza
2 O 2 O 2
O 2 GPD
katalaza N 2 O
peroksioma
PG
PG -sin
-
tet aza
en d o p ere k is i e
- O
2 O
2 SOD 2e -
2 N
2 O
4e
- O
2 N
2 O katalaza Endoplazmatik retikulum
39
CH 3 – SO – SKoA SO 2
HS – APB NS – KoA ATF + N 2 O ADF + N 3 RO 4 CH 3 – SO – SAPB atsetil – APB NOOCH
2 – SO – SKoA malonil – SKoA
NS – APB (atsetil saqlovchi oqsil) NS – KoA
NOOCH 2 – SO – SAPB
SO 2
CH 3 SOCH 2 – SAPB atsetoatsetil - APB
NADFN
2
+
CH 3 CH(ON)CH 2 – SAPB β-oksibutiril – APB
N 2 O CH 3 CH = CHSO – SAPB Krotonil – APB
NADFN 2
NADF +
CH 3 – CH 2 – CH
2 SO – SAPB Butiril – APB
Juft uglerod atomini saqlovchi yuqori yog‘ kislota
40 40 Sxema № 9. Yog‘ kislotalarining β-okisidlanishi.
β α R – CH
2 – CH
2 – CH
2 – CH
2 – C – S-KoA
O 1)
FAD FADN
2
2ATF
R – CH 2 – CH 2 – CH = CH – C – S-KoA N 2 O O 2)
Β α R – CH
2 – CH
2 – CH – CH 2 – C – S-KoA OH O
I
3)
NAD +
NADN 2
3ATF
R – CH 2 – CH 2 – C – CH 2 – C – S-KoA O O
4)
R – CH
2 – CH
2 – C – S-KoA CH 3
O
O
Atsetil KoA
II Nafas zanjiri III
41 41
ADABIYOTLAR:
1. Abdullaxodjaeva M.S. Osnovi patologii cheloveka. Tashkent. Izd. Abu Ali ibn Sino. – 1997. – S. 429-434. 2. Berezov T.T., Korovkin B.F. Biologicheskaya ximiya. Moskva «Medistina», 1990. – S. 276-316. 3. Karimov X.Ya., Xodjaev I.K., Irgashev M.K.. Liposomы kak sredstvo korrekstii mikrogemodinamiqheskix sdvigov pri xronicheskom toksicheskom porajenii pecheni. //Med.jurn.Uzbekistana. – 2000, № 1-2. – S. 109. 4. Nikolaev A.I.
Molekulyarnыe mexanizmы razvitiya vtorichnыx immunodefistitov. – Tashkent, 1992. – S. 33. 5. Selevanov E.V., Barnagan Z.S., Zvyaginstev E.N. Bioximiqheskie osobennosti porajeniya pecheni u bolnыx s antifosfolipidnыmi sindromom. – Klinicheskaya i laboratornaya. Diagnostika. – 2000, № 12. – S. 17. 6. Selyutina S.N., Selyutin A.Yu., Pal A.I. Modifikastiya opredeleniya konstentrastiy TBK – aktivnыx produktov sыvorotki krovi. – Klinicheskaya i laboratornaya. Diagnostika. – 2000, № 2. – S. 8. 7. Sultanov R.G., Ibragimov U.K. Jigar biokimyosi: Soglom odamlarda va xastaliklarda. – Tashkent. – 1992. – S. 6-46. 8. Sultanov R.G., Ibragimov U.K. Odamning biokimyoviy kursatkichlar tuplami. – Tashkent, 1996. – S. 136. 9. Mahmoud MR, El-Aғhar HS, Saleh S.//The effect of Nigella sativa oil against the liver damage induced ғy Schistosoma mansoni infection in miqe. Department of Pharmaqology, Theodor Ғilharz Research Institute, Imғaғa, Giza, Egypt/ J Ethnopharmaqol 2002 Feғ./ 10. Gorelik S, Kanner J.// Oxymyogloғin Oxidation and Memғrane Lipid Peroxidation Initiated ғy Iron Redox Cycle: Prevention of Oxidation ғy Enzymiq and Nonenzymiq Antioxidants. /J Agric Food Chem 2001 Dec 11. Nordғerg J, Arner ES. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system. //Medical Noғel Institute for Ғiochemistry, Department of Medical Ғiochemistry and Ғiophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden /Free Radic Ғiol Med 2001 Dec
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