Science teachers' conceptions of teaching and learning, ict efficacy, ict professional development and ict practices enacted in their classrooms
participants' professional self-ef
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participants' professional self-ef ficacy levels were moderately over average and they had both constructivist and traditional beliefs, however, constructivist beliefs were found moderately more D. Alt / Teaching and Teacher Education 73 (2018) 141 e150 142 dominant. In a similar vein, Dilekli and Tezci (2016) examined the relationship between elementary teachers' practices aiming at teaching thinking skills and their self-ef ficacy towards teaching those skills. According to their findings, self-efficacy was valuable in explaining teachers' teaching thinking practices. As contemporary environments are highly supported by tech- nology, Yesilyurt, Ulas¸, and Akan (2016) showed the positive im- pacts of teacher self-ef ficacy, academic self-efficacy, and computer self-ef ficacy on their attitude towards applying computer- supported education. The researchers maintain that in order to develop positive attitudes towards computer-supported education, to attach importance to its use in professional life, and to apply it effectively, it is necessary for teachers to have high levels of aca- demic self-ef ficacy and computer self-efficacy. Yet, the teachers' actual use of computer-supported practices in their classrooms was not assessed in this study. Nevertheless, other studies have addressed this limitation. For example, Vanderlinde and van Braak (2010) have searched for factors affecting the use of ICT in educa- tional settings. In their study, they presented a conceptual frame- work to examine the complex process of integrating ICT for instructional purposes, and pointed to teachers' ICT competence, among other variables, as an important condition for effective ICT use by teachers. Yet, it should be noted that the examined activities were not de fined in the context of constructivist learning nor were they related to science education. 1.2.1. ICT professional development With the rapid changes in ICT, professional development with relation to ICT usages in the classroom is essential in order to keep up with those changes and developments. Kabakci, Odabasi, and Kilicer (2010) argue that it is necessary to take adult-education- based learning theories, which might be also referred to as life- long learning theories, as the basis for the organization of effective, productive and practical professional development activities. Pro- fessional development is considered important in improving teachers' ICT skills and to foster positive attitudes towards ICT integration and has been demonstrated as such in several studies. For example, in Koh, Chai, and Lim's (2016) study, ICT professional development process was found valuable in developing teachers' technological pedagogical content knowledge for the 21st-century learning. Moreover, it enabled teachers to assess their current ICT lessons, design goals, redesign, implement, and evaluate student learning outcomes, as well as re flect on their pedagogical practices. The authors link such professional development process to teach- ers' con fidence to effectively design ICT practices. Vanderlinde and van Braak (2010) summarize the conditions for effective ICT pro- fessional development: the training has to be linked with context- speci fic questions, give teachers opportunities for “hands-on” work, be consistent with teachers' needs, and the level of ICT competence of the teachers involved. In their study, they found a strong link between teachers' ICT competencies and their ICT pro- fessional development and suggested that teachers who participate in ICT-related professional development courses and keep up to date with developments in the field of ICT integration also feel more competent in integrating ICT into education. 1.2.2. This study Based on the above-provided literature, this study aims at assessing science teachers' conception of traditional versus constructivist teaching and learning, their sense of ef ficacy, ICT effi- cacy, and ICT professional development, as precursors to their use of ICT practices. To this end, the following hypotheses will be tested: 1. As constructivist teaching lies at the core of science education and the formal teacher's guide, it is expected that merely low levels of science teachers' traditional conceptions of teaching and learning will be reported compared with their construc- tivist conceptions (H1). 2. Based on previous studies ( Gurbuzturk & Sad, 2009 ) linking teachers' sense of self-ef ficacy to their traditional versus constructivist educational beliefs, it is postulated that an inverse connection will be detected between teachers' positive con- ceptions of traditional teaching and learning and their sense of ef ficacy in science classrooms (H2). 3. Constructivist conceptions of teaching and learning will be positively connected to perceived ef ficacy in science classrooms (H3). 4. In line with previous studies ( Yesilyurt et al., 2016 ), it is expected that teachers' sense of ef ficacy will be positively connected to their ICT ef ficacy (H4). This study elaborates on previous studies by assessing the role of teachers' constructivist conceptions of teaching in this relationship. 5. In accordance with past work ( Vanderlinde & van Braak, 2010 ), teachers' ICT ef ficacy is expected to be positively connected to their tendency to use ICT for learning activities (H5). It should be noted that in this study, a wide range of science constructivist activities will be measured, whereas previous studies' mea- surements were restricted to assessing ICT as a learning tool (e.g., using educational software and instructional computer programs to learn or to make exercises), that was not directly related to constructivist learning objectives. 6. The possible role of teachers' involvement in ICT professional development activities in positively mediating the connection between teachers' ICT ef ficacy and ICT activities in the class- rooms will be measured ( Koh, Chai, & Lim, 2016 ; Vanderlinde & van Braak, 2010 ) (H6). Model 1 ( Fig. 1 ) is a path diagram illustrating the theoretical structure of the proposed framework with hypothesis indications. 2. Method 2.1. Participants Data were gathered by research assistants from 303 science teachers from 122 Israeli public schools (64.4% female teachers), of Fig. 1. Model 1. The theoretical structure of the proposed framework with hypothesis indication. D. Alt / Teaching and Teacher Education 73 (2018) 141 e150 143 whom 66% were primary school teachers and 34% middle school teachers. The schools were randomly selected for data gathering, however, in each school, the participants have volunteered to take Download 1.07 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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