Section 4-Polling Question
Chapter 4 Growth of the Thirteen Colonies (1607-1770) Section 4 The French and Indian War
Essential Question How did the outcome of the French and Indian War determine who controlled North America?
The French and Indian War Part of a larger struggle between France and BritainThe French were on their way to “making themselves masters of the Continent”France had a network of alliances with Native Americans
French Advantages Large area of landFrom the St. Lawrence River to New OrleansFrance and Native Americans were winning control of the American frontier
Before the War Began British colonists fought the French and Indians with little help from Britain1754- British government intervenedWas alarmed by the French forts and defeat of Fort NecessityFall of 1754 Great Britain appointed General Edward Braddock commander in chief of the British forces in AmericaBraddock was to drive the French forces out of the Ohio Valley
Braddock Marches to Duquesne With about 1,400 red-coated British soldiersAnd a smaller force of blue-coated colonial militiaGeorge Washington was an aide to BraddockWashington said Braddock“[Halted] to level every mole hill, and to erect bridges over every brook, by which mean we were four days in getting twelve miles”
More of Braddock Marches to Duquesne Washington told Braddock his army’s style was not suited for the frontierLined up in columns and wearing bright-colored uniformsBraddock ignored Washington’s adviseFrench and Indian forces ambushed the British
Even More of Braddock Marches to Duquesne British were confused and frightened Could not see their attackers who were hidden in the forestBraddock was killedBritish lost about 1,000 menWashington led the survivors back to Virginia
Britain Declares War on France Fighting in America started a new war in EuropeSeven Year’s WarBritain formed an alliance with Prussia in 1756Britain fought France in the Caribbean, India, and North America
Early Stages of the War France captured British FortsKilled settlers, burned houses and crops, drove families back to the coastFrench forces from Canada captured British forts at Lake Ontario and Lake George
Great Britain’s prospects in America improved after William Pitt became prime ministerPitt decided that Britain would pay for the war supplies- no matter the costPitt ran up an enormous debtPitt didn’t just want to settle in Western territories, but wanted to conquer French CanadaTroops were sent to America under Jeffery Amherst and James WolfeMany French forts were taken and renamedIncluding Fort Duquesne and renamedFort Pitt
Section 4
Capital of New FranceOn a cliff overlooking the St. LawrenceThought to be impossible to attackJames Wolfe’s scouts spotted a poorly guarded pathDefeated the sleeping French troops
Treaty of Paris The fall of Quebec and Amherst’s capture of Montreal brought an end to fighting in North AmericaTreaty of Paris forced France to give Canada and most of its land east of the Mississippi to Great BritainAlso received Florida from France’s ally, SpainSpain received land west of the Mississippi- the Louisiana Territory- and New OrleansMarked the end of France as a power in North America
Section 4
Pontiac’s War Indian’s lost their allies and trading partner with FranceBritain raised prices and refused to pay for the use of landSettlers began moving westOttawa chief Pontiac saw this as a threat to his people’s way of lifePontiac united Indians and captured British forts (Detroit and others)That summer Indians killed settlers along Pennsylvania and Virginia during Pontiac’s WarWar ended in August 1765 after the British defeated Pontiac’s alliesPontiac signed a peace treaty and was pardoned
The Proclamation of 1763 To prevent more fighting, Britain called a halt to settlers westward expansionProclamation of 1763 set the Appalachian Mountains as the temporary western boundary of the coloniesAngered people who wanted to make money thereThese speculators had already bought land west of the mountainsThey were furious that Britain ignored their land claimsMore conflicts would soon arise between Britain and the colonists
Section 4
Essential Question How did the outcome of the French and Indian War determine who controlled North America?
Chapter 4 Section 4 Quiz
The French and Indian War was a war between the French and Native Americans.
Braddock did not take Washington's advice on the style of marching when they set out for Fort Duquesne.
William Pitt decided that Britain would pay the costs for the French and Indian War.
The Proclamation of 1763 ended the French and Indian War.
After the French and Indian War, King George III gave the colonies permission to expand past the Appalachian Mountains.
The commander in chief of the British forces in America who was to drive the French out of America was George Washington.William Pitt.Edward Braddock.Benjamin Franklin.
What document marked the end of France as a power in North America? Treaty of LondonTreaty of ParisTreaty of France and Britain
After the treaty was signed in 1763, the continent was divided between which two countries? Britain and SpainFrance and BritainFrance and Spain
The Proclamation of 1763 called for settlers to move westward.a war.a halt to westward expansion.Native Americans to move west.
The Proclamation of 1763 angered wealthy speculators because they lost voting rights.lost their businesses.lost the war.owned land west of the mountains.
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