Exercise
81
IELTS Reading: multiple choice
Read the following text and choose the best answer for each question.
The term "IQ" comes from German "Intelligenz-Quotient", coined by the German
psychologist William Stern in 1912, who proposed a method of scoring children's
intelligence tests. Since the early 20th century, scores on IQ tests have increased in most
parts of the world. The phenomenon of rising score performance means that if test-takers
are scored by a constant standard scoring rule, IQ test scores have been rising at an
average rate of around three IQ points per decade. This phenomenon was named the Flynn
effect in the book The Bell Curve after James R. Flynn, the author who did the most to bring
this phenomenon to the attention of psychologists.
1. “IQ” refers to
A) a type of intelligence test for children
B) a means of rating intelligence tests
C) an area of psychology
2. Flynn noticed that
A) IQ scores were constant around the world
B) IQ was a global phenomenon
C) intelligence scores had gradually risen over several decades
Exercise 82
IELTS Reading: true, false, not given
The Paper Clip
According to the Early Office Museum, the first patent for a bent wire paper clip was
awarded in the United States to Samuel B. Fay, in 1867. This clip was originally intended
primarily for attaching tickets to fabric, although the patent recognized that it could be used
to attach papers together. Although functional and practical, Fay's design along with the 50
other designs patented prior to 1899 are not considered reminiscent of the modern paper
clip design known today.
The most common type of wire paper clip still in use, the Gem paper clip, was never
patented, but it was most likely in production in Britain in the early 1870s by "The Gem
Manufacturing Company", according to the American expert on technological innovations,
Professor Henry J. Petroski.
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